. 2018 Dec 20;6(1):1. doi: 10.3390/medicines6010001

Table 2.

Medicinal plants, their habit, parts used, ailments treated, cultivation status, method of preparation and administration in the Ejisu-Juaben Municipality.

Plant Family, Scientific Names, Voucher No.	Local Names	Parts(s) Used	Ailments(s) Treated	Mode of Preparation (Administration)	Ethnobotanical Indices
Plant Family, Scientific Names, Voucher No.	Local Names	Parts(s) Used	Ailments(s) Treated	Mode of Preparation (Administration)	FL (%)	UV	RFC
Acanthaceae
Justicia flava Vahl. CPMR 4089	Afama	L	Malaria, Diarrhoea, Piles	Decoction (Oral)	60	0.14	0.13
			Swollen joint	Grind (Topical)	60	0.14	0.13
Amaranthaceae
Alternanthera pungens Kunth CPMR 4090	Nkasɛɛ nkasɛɛ	L	Constipation, Aseram, Headache	Grind (Enema)	81.8	0.08	0.06
Amaranthus spinosus L. CPMR 4092	Nantwibini	Wp	Malaria, Dewormer, Fever	Decoction (Oral)	47.1	0.12	0.06
			Delayed baby walking	Crush (Bath/enema)	47.1	0.12	0.06
Pupalia lappacea (L.) A Juss. CPMR 4091	Apɔsɔmpɔ	L	Boils	Burn (Topical)	100	0.04	0.02
Anacardiaceae
Lannea welwitschii (Hiern) Engl. 4093	Kumnini	SB, L	Child fever, Aseram	Boil (Bath)	66.7	0.02	0.01
Anacardium occidentale L. CPMR 4094	Ateaa	L	Pregnancy care	Decoction (Oral)	100	0.04	0.02
Mangifera indica L. CPMR 4095	Amango	SB	Diarrhoea	Paste (Enema)	50	0.09	0.1
		L	Cough, Bedwetting, Low sperm count	Decoction (Oral)	50	0.09	0.1
Annonaceae
Cleistopholis patens (Benth.) Engl. & Diels CPMR 4070	Ngone nkyene	L/SB, F	Stomach ache, Fever Malaria, typhoid	Decoction (Oral)	90.7	0.54	0.37
		R/SB, Se	Hernia, Piles	Grind (Enema)	90.7	0.54	0.37
Apocynaceae
Alstonia boonei De Wild. CPMR 4096	Nyamedua	SB	Measles, Chicken pox, Boils, Shingles	Crush (Topical)	70	0.36	0.22
			Malaria	Decoction (Oral)	70	0.36	0.22
Funtumia elastica (Preuss) Stapf. CPMR 4097	Funtum	SB	Stroke,	Infusion (Oral)	66.7	0.02	0.01
Funtumia elastica (Preuss) Stapf. CPMR 4097	Funtum		Stop alcoholism	Soak in alcohol	66.7	0.02	0.01
Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzel. CPMR 4081	Kakapenpen	L, R	Aseram, Malaria, Body pains	Decoction (Oral)	41.7	0.09	0.09
Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzel. CPMR 4081	Kakapenpen	SB	Piles, Chicken pox	Grind (Topical)	41.7	0.09	0.09
Asclepiadaceae
Secamone afzelii (Roem. & Schult.) K.Schum. CPMR 4098	Kwantemaa	L	Severe skin rashes	Grind and apply (Topical)	100	0.03	0.01
Parquetina nigrescens (Afzel). Bullock	Abakamo	SB	Wounds, Snake bite	Grind (Topical)	40	0.04	0.02
CPMR 4102		L	Family planning	Paste (Topical)
		SB	Piles	Squeeze (Oral)
Araceae
Xanthosoma mafaffa Schott CPMR 4099	Mankani	L	Snakebite, wounds	Squeeze (Topical)	60	0.07	0.04
			Blood Tonic	Cooked (Oral)	60	0.07	0.04
Arecaceae
Cocos nucifera L. CPMR 4100	Kube	L, R,	Ulcers, Piles	Decoction (Oral)	45.5	0.08	0.04
		R	Erectile dysfunction,	Infusion (Oral)
		R	Toothache, Bad breathe	Decoction (Oral)
Elaeis guineensis Jacq. CPMR 4101	Abɛ	R	Stroke	Grind (Topical)	100	0.02	0.02
Asphodelaceae
Aloe cf. tenuifolia Lam. CPMR 4103		L	Appetizer, Skin Rashes	Decoction (Oral/Topical)	75	0.06	0.03
Asteraceae
Melanthera scandens Schu, Nach. & Thonn. CPMR 4077	Mfofo	L,	Wounds	Paste (Topical)	100	0.04	0.01
Vernonia amygdalina Delile CPMR 4088	Awɔnwono	L	Diarrhoea, Typhoid, Malaria	Decoction (Oral)	65.2	0.16	0.24
Vernonia amygdalina Delile CPMR 4088	Awɔnwono	L	Asabera	Crush (Topical)	65.2	0.16	0.24
Taraxacum officinale F.H.Wigg. CPMR 4104	Dandelion	L, R	Blood tonic, Fever, Ulcer	Eaten/Decoction (Oral)	42.9	0.05	0.04
Ageratum conyzoides L. CPMR 4105	Guakro	L, R	Eye disease,	Rub and squeeze (Topical)	42.9	0.05	0.01
Ageratum conyzoides L. CPMR 4105	Guakro	L, R	Constipation	Grind (Enema)	42.9	0.05	0.01
Eclipta alba Hassk. CPMR 4106	Ntum	L	Asabera, Catarrh, Malaria	Grind and squeeze (Nasal)	50	0.04	0.11
Bidens pilosa L. CPMR 4107	Gyinantwi	L	Typhoid, Malaria,	Decoction/Paste (Oral/Topical)	40	0.04	0.01
Bidens pilosa L. CPMR 4107	Gyinantwi	L	Itchy ear, Aseram	Decoction/Paste (Oral/Topical)	40	0.04	0.01
Bignoniaceae
Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. CPMR 4074	Nufutin	SB	Stomach ache	Decoction (Oral)	100	0.04	0.02
Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. CPMR 4084	Kuakuanisuo	L, SB	Typhoid, Malaria	Decoction (Oral)	66.7	0.15	0.11
Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. CPMR 4084	Kuakuanisuo	L, SB	Wounds	Grind (Topical)	66.7	0.15	0.11
Crescentia cujete L. CPMR 4108	Kɔntoa	L	Fever, Pregnancy care	Decoction (oral)	57.1	0.05	0.01
Newbouldia laevis (P.Beauv.) Seem.	Sɛsɛmasa	L	Stomach upset, Waist pain, Aseram	Paste (Enema)	26.7	0.11	0.09
CPMR 4109	Sɛsɛmasa	SB	Pregnancy care, Cough, High blood pressure	Raw (Oral)	26.7	0.11	0.09
Boraginaceae
Heliotropium indicum L. CPMR 4110	Akonfɛm atikɔ	L	Headache	Crush (Topical)	33.3	0.09	0.08
			Stomachaches, Pregnancy care, Headache	Shred (Topical)
			Anaemia	Decoction (Oral)
Bromeliaceae
Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. CPMR 4111	Abrɔbɛ	L	Worms, Itching ear	Rub (Oral/Enema)	62.5	0.06	0.04
		F	Malaria, Severe fever	Decoction (Oral)
Caricaceae
Carica papaya L. CPMR 4112	Brɔferɛ	L	Malaria	Cook (Oral)	30.6	0.26	0.25
		R, Se	Ease delivery, Aseram, Dewormer	Raw (Oral)	30.6	0.26	0.25
Combretaceae
Combretum smeathmannii G. Don. CPMR 4113	Hwirɛmoo	L	Migraine, Baby delivery	Raw/rub (Oral)	60	0.04	0.03
Terminalia catappa L. CPMR 4114	Abrɔfo nkateɛ	L	Severe fever, malaria	Decoction (Oral)	66.7	0.04	0.04
Terminalia ivorensis A.Chev. CPMR 4115	Ɛmirɛ	SB	Piles	Powder (Oral)	100	0.04	0.03
Compositae
Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob. DC. CPMR 4116	Akyeampong	L	Blood clotting, Wounds	Squeeze/rub (Topical)	61.5	0.09	0.07
Crassulaceae
Kalanchoe integra Kuntze. CPMR 4118	Egorɔ	L	Headache, Aseram, Cold, Phlegm	Squeeze (Topical)	61.9	0.15	0.14
Kalanchoe integra Kuntze. CPMR 4118	Egorɔ	Wp	Stroke	Decoction (oral)	61.9	0.15	0.14
Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken CPMR 4117	Taa meawu	L	Abdominal pain	Decoction drunk	100	0.04	0.06
Cucurbitaceae
Momordica charantia L. CPMR 4078	Nyanya	L	Abdominal pains, fever, measles, Gonorrhoea, headache	Grind (topical)	60.7	0.2	0.15
			Snakebite, aseram	Decoction (oral)
				Squeeze (topical)
Euphorbiaceae
Mareya micrantha (Benth.) Müll.Arg. CPMR 4119	Odubrafoɔ	L	Waist pains	Paste (Enema)	100	0.04	0.03
Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) Heckel CPMR 4120	Ɔnwama	L	Malaria,	Decoction (Oral)	60	0.04	0.04
		L, R	Waist pains	Grind (Enema)	60	0.04	0.04
Phyllanthus muellerianus (Kuntze.) Exell. CPMR 4121	Awobɛ	L	Wounds	Grind (Topical)	100	0.03	0.01
Mallotus oppositifolius Müll.Arg.	Nyanyafurowa	L	Aseram, Waist pains,	Grind (Topical)	75	0.06	0.06
CPMR 4076	Nyanyafurowa	L	Constipation	Paste (Enema)	75	0.06	0.06
Manihot esculenta Crantz CPMR 4122	Bankye	L, Se	Fever	Decoction (Oral)	44.4	0.06	0.06
Manihot esculenta Crantz CPMR 4122	Bankye	L, Se	Blood clotting, Wounds	Grind (Topical)	44.4	0.06	0.06
Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Müll.Arg. CPMR 4065	Ogyama	L,	Constipation	Grind (Enema)	31	0.21	0.16
		SB	Fever, Malaria	Decoction (Oral)
		SB	Wounds, Piles	Rub (Topical/enema
Phyllanthus urinaria L. CPMR 4080	Bɔwomaguwakyi	L	Blood pressure, malaria	Decoction (Oral)	37.9	0.21	0.16
Phyllanthus urinaria L. CPMR 4080	Bɔwomaguwakyi	L	Sore throat, Ulcer	Raw (Oral)	37.9	0.21	0.16
Euphorbia hirta L. CPMR 4071	Kakaweadwe	L	Wounds	Grind (Topical)	100	0.02	0.01
Jatropha curcas L. CPMR 4123	Nkrangyedua	R,	Severe cough	Crush (Oral)	30.8	0.09	0.09
		L	Wounds, Piles	Paste (Enema)
		L, R	Toothache	Poultice (Buccal)
Fabaceae
Senna occidentalis (L.) Link CPMR 4082	Nkwadaa brodeɛ	L	Stomachaches, Malaria	Decoction (Oral)	79.6	0.35	0.21
		R	Serious vomiting, Cough	Raw (Oral)	79.6	0.35	0.21
Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum. & Thonn.) Taub. CPMR 4087	Prɛkɛsɛ	F	Typhoid, Asthma, Blood tonic	Decoction (Oral)	50	0.04	0.06
Baphia nitida Lodd. CPMR 4068	Ɔdwono	L	Wounds	Crush (Topical)	100	0.02	0.02
Acacia pennata Willd. CPMR 4124	Nwerɛ	L	Skin rashes	Grind (Topical)	75	0.03	0.02
Acacia pennata Willd. CPMR 4124	Nwerɛ	L	Fever	Decoction (Oral)	75	0.03	0.02
Griffonia simplicifolia (DC.) Baill.	Kagya	Se	Stomachaches	Raw (Oral)	100	0.02	0.02
CPMR 4073	Kagya	Se	Stomachaches	Raw (Oral)	100	0.02	0.02
Senna alata (L.) Roxb. CPMR 4083	Sempe	L	Eczema, Ringworm, Dandruff, Skin rashes	Grind (Topical)	33.3	0.28	0.16
			Stomachaches, Fever
				Decoction (Oral)
Mimosa pudica L. CPMR 4125	Mumuanka	L	Wounds	Grind (Topical)	100	0.02	0.02
Albizia ferruginea (Guill. & Perr.) Benth. CPMR 4126	Awiemfoɔsamena	R, L	Waist pains,	Crush (Enema)	100	0.02	0.01
Dalbergia saxatilis Hook.f. CPMR 4127	Ahomakyɛm	SB	Piles, Ritual	Decoction (Oral/Topical)	66.7	0.02	0.02
Acacia pycnantha Benth. CPMR 4128	Akasia	SB	Wounds	Grind (Topical).	100	0.02	0.02
Albizia zygia (DC.) J.F.Macbr. CPMR 4129	Ɔkorɔ	L	Blood tonic	Cooked (Oral)	50	0.03	0.02
			Stomachaches	Decoction (Oral)	50	0.03	0.02
Abrus precatorius L. CPMR 4130	Nyame eni	Se	Epilepsy	Powder (Oral)	100	0.02	0.02
Lamiaceae
Hoslundia opposita Vahl. CPMR 4132	Nunum nini	L, Se	Malaria, phlegm	Decoction (Oral)	57.1	0.05	0.03
Ocimum gratissimum L. CPMR 4131	Nunum	L, Se	Headache, Diarrhoea, Malaria	Decoction (Oral)	38.5	0.37	0.35
			Itchy ear, Phlegm, Convulsion	Squeeze (Topical)	38.5	0.37	0.35
Lauraceae
Persea americana Mill. CPMR 4133	Paya	L	Fever	Decoction (Oral)	100	0.06	0.09
Lecythidaceae
Petersianthus macrocarpus (P. Beauv.) Liben CPMR 4134	Asia	L	Constipation	Grind (Enema)	100	0.02	0.02
Liliaceae
Allium sativum L. CPMR 4135	Garlic	Cloves	Cough	Raw/paste (Oral)	100	0.04	0.04
Loganiaceae
Anthocleista nobilis G. Don CPMR 4066	Owudifo kɛtɛ	R, L	Piles, Hernia, Jaundice, Typhoid	Decoction (Oral)	33.3	0.04	0.05
Loranthaceae
Tapinanthus bangwenis (Engl.& K. Krause) Danser CPMR 4085	Nkrapan	Wp	Aseram, Fever	Decoction (Topical)	82.4	0.12	0.13
Malvaceae
Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. CPMR 4069	Onyina	SB, F	Measles, Back pain, Sting removal	Grind (Topical)	50	0.03	0.04
Gossypium hirsutum L. CPMR 4136	Asaawa	L	Blood Tonic	Decoction drunk	100	0.03	0.03
Abelmoschus esculentus Moench. CPMR 4137	Nkruma	F, Se	Child delivery, Wounds	Rub (Topical)	80	0.04	0.03
Sida acuta Burm. f. CPMR 4138	Tweta	L, R	Pregnancy care	Pound (Enema)	57.1	0.05	0.04
		L	Cough, Sore throat	Squeeze (Oral)	57.1	0.05	0.04
Cola nitida (Vent.) Schott & Endl. CPMR 4139	Bese	SB	Ease baby delivery	Grind (Enema)	100	0.02	0.02
Meliaceae
Khaya senegalensis (Desv.) A.Juss. CPMR 4141	Mahogany	L, SB	Malaria, Blood pressure	Infusion (Oral)	53.3	0.11	0.12
			Boils	Crush (Topical)	53.3	0.11	0.12
Trichilia monadelpha P. Browne. CPMR 4140	Tannuru	L	Heartburns, Piles	Pound (Oral)	66.7	0.02	0.01
Meliaceae
Azadirachta indica A. Juss. CPMR 4067	Neem tree	L, SB	Malaria	Decoction (Oral)	100	0.33	0.25
Cedrela odorata L. CPMR 4142	Gyenegyene	SB	Migraines	Crush (Oral)	100	0.02	0.02
Menispermaceae
Sphenocentrum jollyanum Pierre CPMR 4143	Kramankote	R	Erectile dysfunction	Chew roots and Swallow	100	0.03	0.03
Moraceae
Ficus exasperata Vahl. CPMR 4072	Nyankyerɛnee	L,	Malaria	Decoction (Oral)	33.3	0.11	0.09
		SB,	Wound, Shingles	Rubbing (Topical)
		L	Abnormal foetus position	Cooked (Oral)
Ficus capensis Thunb. CPMR 4144	Ɔdoma	L	Stomachaches	Decoction (Oral)	100	0.03	0.03
Moringaceae
Moringa oleifera Lam CPMR 4145		Se, L	Ulcer, Fever	Crush (Oral)	54.5	0.08	0.09
		L	High blood pressure	Squeeze (Oral)	54.5	0.08	0.09
Musaceae
Musa paradisiaca L. CPMR 4146	Brɔdeε	L, R, Fl	Wounds	Pound (Topical)	40	0.11	0.1
		L, R	Fever, Headache	Decoction (Oral)
			Delayed child walk	Grind (Enema)
Myristicaceae
Pycnanthus angolensis (Welw.) Warb. CPMR 4147	Ɔtiɛ	L, SB, L	Pregnancy care	Decoction (Oral)	36.4	0.08	0.11
		SB	Toothache, Pile	Crush (Oral)	36.4	0.08	0.11
Myrtaceae
Psidium guajava L. CPMR 4148	Gua	L,	Chicken pox, Measles	Rub (topical)	66.7	0.05	0.07
			Candidiasis	Decoction (Oral)	66.7	0.05	0.07
Nephrolepidaceae
Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott	Aya	L	Blood Tonic	Decoction (Oral)	66.7	0.02	0.02
CPMR 4149			Toothache	Pound (Oral)	66.7	0.02	0.02
Pedaliaceae
Sesamum indicum L. CPMR 4150	Sesame	Se	Blur eye sight	Raw (Oral)	100	0.02	0.02
Phytolaccaceae
Hilleria latifolia (Lam.) H.Walter CPMR 4151	Anafranaku	L	*Aseram*	Decoction (Bath)	100	0.02	0.03
Poaceae
Saccharum officinarum L. CPMR 4152	Ahwedeɛ	L	Malaria	Decoction (Oral)	100	0.03	0.03
Brachyachne obtusiflora (Benth.) C.E. Hubb. CPMR 4153	Abirekyire abɔdwesɛ	L,	Fracture, Delayed child walking	Paste (Topical/Enema)	75	0.03	0.02
Zea mays L. CPMR 4154	Aburoo	R,	Constipation	Paste (Enema)	60	0.04	0.03
		Co	Anal sore	Burn (Rectal)	60	0.04	0.03
Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf CPMR 4156	Fever grass	L	Fever, Malaria, Typhoid	Decoction (Oral)	61.1	0.13	0.15
Poaceae
Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C. Wendl. CPMR 4155	Pampulo	L	Malaria	Decoction (Oral)	100	0.02	0.02
Eleusine indica (L.) Gaetn CPMR 4157	Nsensan	Wp	Constipation	Paste (Enema)	100	0.02	0.02
Rubiaceae
Mussaenda erythrophylla Schumach. and Thonn. CPMR 4158	Dameramma	L,	Severe cough, Ritual	Decoction (Oral)	60	0.02	0.02
Morinda lucida Benth. CPMR 4159	Konkrɔma	L	Malaria	Decoction (Oral)	100	0.04	0.04
Psydrax subcordata (DC.) Bridson var. subcordata CPMR 4160	Ntatiadupon	SB	Boils	Crush (Topical)	50	0.04	0.02
			Body pains	Pound (Oral)	50	0.04	0.02
Rutaceae
Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle	Ankaa twadeɛ	F, R	Fever, Cough, Typhoid	Decoction (Oral)	55.6	0.06	0.06
CPMR 4161			Migraines	Pound (Topical)	55.6	0.06	0.06
Zanthoxylum leprieurii Guill. & Perr	Oyaa	SB,	Rheumatism	Pound (Topical)	62.5	0.06	0.06
CPMR 4162	Oyaa	SB,	Stomach ulcer	Decoction (Oral)	62.5	0.06	0.06
Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck CPMR 4163	Ankaa	L	Malaria	Decoction (Oral)	66.7	0.04	0.04
		R/L, Se	Diarrhoea	Raw (Oral)	66.7	0.04	0.04
Zanthoxylum gilletii (De Wild.) Waterman CPMR 4164	Okuo	SB	Stomach ulcer	Infusion (Oral)	100	0.03	0.03
Sapindaceae
Paullinia pinnata L. CPMR 4079	Toa-ntini	R,	Profuse cough	Raw (Oral)	63.6	0.08	0.12
		R/L	Wounds, snake bite	Paste (Topical)
		R/L	Erectile dysfunction	Alcohol infusion (Oral)
Solanaceae
Solanum erianthum D. Don CPMR 4166	Pepediewuo	L	Piles, Wounds	Grind and apply	75	0.02	0.02
Solanum torvum Sw. CPMR 4167	Abedru	L/F	Blood tonic	Decoction (Oral)	53.3	0.11	0.12
		L	Cough, Typhoid, Headache	Rub (Topical)	53.3	0.11	0.12
Solanum lycopersicum L. CPMR 4168	Ntoose	L	Convulsion	Rub (Topical)	66.7	0.02	0.02
		F	Measles	Crush (Topical)	66.7	0.02	0.02
Sterculiaceae
Theobroma cacao L. CPMR 4169	Kookoo	R, L,	Cough	Pound (Oral)	55	0.14	0.14
			Malaria	Decoction (Oral)	55	0.14	0.14
Verbanaceae
Tectona grandis L.f. CPMR 4086	Teak	L, SB	Malaria	Decoction (Oral)	100	0.19	0.16
Lantana camara L. CPMR 4075	Shingles dokono	L,	Body pains	Decoction (Oral)	100	0.02	0.02
Zingiberaceae
Aframomum melegueta K.Schum. CPMR 4064	Ɛfɔmwisa	Se,	Convulsion	Rub (Topical)	100	0.04	0.04
Zingiber officinale Roscoe CPMR 4165	Kakaduro	Rh	Cough, Diarrhoea, Wounds	Raw (Oral)	54.5	0.08	0.03

Ethnobotanical indices: UV; use value, FC; frequency of citation, FL; Fidelity Level (The ailments in bold were used to calculate the fidelity level). Parts used: R; Roots, L; Leaves, Fl; Flower, SB; Stem bark, Se; Seed, Rh; Rhizome, Wp; Whole plant, Co; Cob, Cv; Cloves, RB; Root bark, F; Fruit, CPMR; Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Aseram; Traditional infant disease characterised by green/black visible veins, big head, and lean growth of the baby, Asabera; Traditional infant disease which presents as: extreme hot body, pale eyes, and frequent green, foamy bloody stools as significant symptoms.