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. 2018 Aug 15;123(8):6360–6382. doi: 10.1029/2018JA025556

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©2018. The Authors.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Spectrograms of injection event on 7 April 2016, measured by the RBSPICE B, located at ~0800 LT and L ≈ 6.3. Top panel is He intensity; bottom panel is H. The second (middle) panel is a combined spectrogram of O (higher energies) and H (lower energies). The O measurement does not go below ~140 keV. Because (as we argue in the text) we find the energization and drifts of injected ions to be organized by W/q, the morphology of the lower‐energy hydrogen should mimic the morphology of the O⁺ in an injection, as demonstrated in this panel.