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. 2018 Aug 15;123(8):6360–6382. doi: 10.1029/2018JA025556

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©2018. The Authors.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Model proton energies for a 40° wide flow channel and 500‐km/s flow velocity outside 10 R _E. The sawtooth contours and slightly nonvertical edges to the colors are consequences of the spatial resolution of the calculation and plotting and are not physical. (a) For a source population at the outer boundary (15 R _E) of 0.1 to 1‐keV protons; (b) for a source population of 0.5‐ to 5‐keV protons; (c) for a source population of 2.5‐ to 25‐keV protons; (d) for a source population of 0.1‐ to 25‐keV protons.