Aminotransferases [86] |
ALT and AST |
May be elevated in NAFLD patients |
Cytokeratin-18 [87] |
Cytokeratin-18 |
Elevated levels in NASH patients |
AST/platelet ratio index (APRI) [88] |
AST and platelets |
Predicting fibrosis |
NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) [89,90] |
Age, BMI, blood glucose levels, aminotransferase levels, platelet count, and albumin |
Predicting advanced fibrosis and clinical outcomes in NAFLD patients |
FIB-4 index [90,91] |
Age, AST, ALT and platelet count |
Predicting advanced fibrosis and clinical outcomes in NAFLD patients |
FibroTest [92,93,94] |
Age, sex, alpha-2-macroglobulin, haptoglobin, gamma globulin, apolipoprotein A1, gamma glutamyl transferase and total bilirubin levels |
Predicting extent of fibrosis |
ActiTest [93,94] |
Age, sex, alpha-2-macroglobulin, haptoglobin, gamma globulin, apolipoprotein A1, gamma glutamyl transferase and total bilirubin and ALT levels |
Predicting necroinflammatory activity |
Enhanced Liver Fibrosis panel (ELF) [95,96] |
Matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), HA and amino-terminal propeptide of type III collagen level |
Predicting extent of fibrosis |
FibroSpect II [97] |
Hyaluronic acid, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and alpha-2-macroglobulin. |
Predicting extent of fibrosis |