Table 6.
Noninvasive serologic tests for the diagnosis of NAFLD.
| Serologic Test | Component of the Test | Clinical Utility |
|---|---|---|
| Aminotransferases [86] | ALT and AST | May be elevated in NAFLD patients |
| Cytokeratin-18 [87] | Cytokeratin-18 | Elevated levels in NASH patients |
| AST/platelet ratio index (APRI) [88] | AST and platelets | Predicting fibrosis |
| NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) [89,90] | Age, BMI, blood glucose levels, aminotransferase levels, platelet count, and albumin | Predicting advanced fibrosis and clinical outcomes in NAFLD patients |
| FIB-4 index [90,91] | Age, AST, ALT and platelet count | Predicting advanced fibrosis and clinical outcomes in NAFLD patients |
| FibroTest [92,93,94] | Age, sex, alpha-2-macroglobulin, haptoglobin, gamma globulin, apolipoprotein A1, gamma glutamyl transferase and total bilirubin levels | Predicting extent of fibrosis |
| ActiTest [93,94] | Age, sex, alpha-2-macroglobulin, haptoglobin, gamma globulin, apolipoprotein A1, gamma glutamyl transferase and total bilirubin and ALT levels | Predicting necroinflammatory activity |
| Enhanced Liver Fibrosis panel (ELF) [95,96] | Matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), HA and amino-terminal propeptide of type III collagen level | Predicting extent of fibrosis |
| FibroSpect II [97] | Hyaluronic acid, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and alpha-2-macroglobulin. | Predicting extent of fibrosis |