Table 3.

Measurement invariance tests for religiosity

Configural factorial invariance				Strong factorial invariance
	AIC	BIC	Chi-Square Value	AIC	BIC	Chi-Square Value	− 2LL	− 2LL p value
Organizational religious participation	10,552.20	10,693.93	359.71	10,545.44	10,656.81	348.78	10.93	0.090
Religious support	9480.17	9613.713	357.01	9472.67	9576.53	367.47	10.43	0.108
Religiosity	14,056.39	14,253.85	257.95	14,047.33	14,184.03	270.39	12.44	0.053

For model comparisons, the model tested in strong factorial invariance is more restrictive than, and is nested within, the model tested in configural factorial invariance. “Religiosity” indicates that tests were conducted on the second-order religiosity model where the first-order factors and items load directly onto the second-order construct, religiosity. AIC Akaike information criterion, BIC Bayesian information criterion; lower AIC and BIC values indicate better model fit. − 2LL = Log-likelihood, a non-significant p-value (p ≥ 0.05) indicates that the constrained model is preferred