Table 1.
Transmission status of Caribbean localities with a history of schistosomiasis endemicity noting interventions implemented and natural changes affecting transmission as well as presence of animal reservoirs.
| Transmission Status. | Locality | Current Population 1 | Interventions/Natural Changes Impacting Transmission | Animal Reservoirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eliminated | Saint Martin | 32,284 (2018) |
Deforestation Hydrological changes Climate change |
|
| Saint Kitts | 34,918 (2011) |
Hydrological Changes Water and sanitation improvement Mollusciciding Competitor snails (A) 3 |
Monkeys 4 | |
| Vieques | 8669 (2017) |
Mollusciciding Chemotherapy |
||
| Considered eliminated but not yet verified | Puerto Rico | 3,337,177 (2017) 2 |
Water and sanitation improvement Chemotherapy (selective) Mollusciciding Competitor snails (A,B) 3 Health education |
|
| Dominican Republic | 10,649,000 (2016) |
Mollusciciding Health education Competitor snails (A,B,C) 3 Environmental management |
||
| Antigua | 90,755 (2015) |
Hydrological changes Water and sanitation improvements Competitor snails (B,C) 3 |
||
| Montserrat | 5241 (2015) |
Volcanic eruption Competitor snails (C) 3 |
||
| Guadeloupe | 402,119 (2013) |
Chemotherapy (selective) Environmental management Competitor snails (A,C,D) 3 |
Rats 5 | |
| Martinique | 385,551 (2013) |
Water and sanitation improvements Health education Chemotherapy (selective) Competitor snails (B,C) 3 |
||
| Ongoing | Saint Lucia | 172,255 (2014) |
Health education Water and sanitation improvements Chemotherapy (selective) Mollusciciding Competitor snails (C) 3 |
|
| Suriname | 541,638 (2012) |
Chemotherapy (selective) Mollusciciding Environmental management Water and sanitation improvements Agricultural practices Health education |
1 For Puerto Rico and Vieques: [88]; for Saint Martin: [89] ; for all others: [90]; 2 Puerto Rico population number includes population of Vieques; 3 Competitor snails: A = Marisa cornuarietis; B = Tarebia granifera; C = Melanoides tuberculata; D = Pomacea glauca; 4 African Green (Vervet) Monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops); 5 Black and Brown Rats (Rattus rattus and R. norvegicus)