Table 3.
Nanomaterials discussed in this review.
| No. | Adsorbent | Adsorbate | Maximum Adsorption Capacity (mg·g−1) | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DESs-CNTs | Hg (II) | 186.97 | [61] |
| 2 | amino-functionalized Fe3O4/MWCNTs | Cu (II) | 30.49 | [63] |
| 3 | GO | Zn (II) | 246 | [69] |
| 4 | few-layered GO nanosheets | Cd (II) and Co (II) | 106.3 and 68.2 | [70] |
| 5 | functionalized GOCA beads | Pb (II), Hg (II) and Cd (II) | 602, 374 and 181 | [71] |
| 6 | GOx-microbots | Pb (II) | - | [72] |
| 7 | Bifunctional silica nanospheres | Cu (II) and methylene blue. | 139.8 and 99.0 | [86] |
| 8 | NH2–SNHS | Pb (II), Cd (II) and Ni (II) | 96.79, 40.73 and 31.29 | [87] |
| 9 | Sil-Phy-NPANI | Cu (II), Cd (II), Hg (II) and Pb (II) | 108, 90, 120 and 186 | [85] |
| 10 | Sil-Phy-CrossNPANI | Cu (II), Cd (II), Hg (II) and Pb (II) | 105, 118, 271 and 300 | [85] |
| 11 | SDS-nZVI | Cr (VI) | 253.68 | [101] |
| 12 | Au-doped nZVI | Cd (II) | 188 | [102] |
| 13 | B-nZVI | Pb (II), Cu (II), Cd (II), Co (II), Ni (II) and Zn (II) | 50.25, 70.20, 14.25, 12.90, 16.50 and 34.95 | [103] |
| 14 | Ag@MSA | Hg (II) | 800 | [108] |
| 15 | Au | Hg (0) | 4065 | [110] |
| 16 | citrate-coated Au nanoparticles | Hg (II) | - | [111] |
| 17 | α-FeOOH | Cu (II) | 149.25 | [117] |
| 18 | goethite nanocrystalline powders | Cd (II) | 167 | [118] |
| 19 | nano-hematite | Cr (VI) | 6.33–200 | [127] |
| 20 | nano-hematite | Pb (II), Cd (II), Cu (II) and Zn (II) | _ | [129] |
| 21 | superparamagnetic hematite nanoparticles | Al (III), Mg (II), Mn (II), Zn (II), Ni (II) | - | [130] |
| 22 | maghemite nanoparticles | Cu (II), Ni (II), Mn (II), Cd (II) and Cr (VI) | - | [135] |
| 23 | maghemite nanoparticle | Pb (II) and Cu (II) | 68.9 and 34.0 | [136] |
| 24 | MAMNPs | Ag (I), Hg (II), Pb (II) and Cd (II) | 260.55, 237.60, 118.51 and 91.55 | [137] |
| 25 | magnetite nanoparticles | Pb (II), Cu (II), Zn (II), Mn (II) | 37.3, 10.8, 10.5 and 7.69 | [145] |
| 26 | amino functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles | Cr (VI) and Ni (II) | 232.51 and 222.12 | [151] |
| 27 | Fe3O4 @PTMT | Pb (II), Hg (II) and Cd (II) | 533.13, 603.16 and 216.59 | [159] |
| 28 | HFO-P(TAA/HEA) | Pb (II), Cu (II), Cd (II) and Ni (II) | 303.8, 107.5, 149.8 and 85.87 | [164] |
| 29 | HFO nanoparticles | As | 92 | [165] |
| 30 | HFO-CMC | As (V) | 355 | [166] |
| 31 | manganese dioxide/gelatin | Pb (II) and Cd (II) | 318.7 and 105.1 | [169] |
| 32 | nanoscale manganese dioxide | Tl (I) | 672 | [170] |
| 33 | ZnO nanoparticles | Zn (II), Cd (II) and Hg (II) | 357, 387 and 714 | [179] |
| 34 | casein-capped ZnO nanoparticles | Cd (II), Pd (II) and Co (II) | 156.74, 194.93 and 67.93 | [181] |
| 35 | nanosized TiO2 | Cr (VI) | 12.6 | [184] |
| 36 | TiO2 nanowire | Pb (II), Cu (II), Fe (III), Cd (II) and Zn (II) | - | [185] |
| 37 | Starch-coated TiO2 nanoparticles | Cd (II), Co (II), Cu (II), Ni (II) and Pb (II) | - | [187] |
| 38 | TiO2-chitosan nanoparticles | Cu (II) and Cd (II) | - | [188] |
| 39 | γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles | Pb (II) and Cd (II) | 47.08 and 17.22 | [194] |
| 40 | Al2O3 nanoparticles | Zn (II) and Cd (II) | - | [195] |
| 41 | TiO2 nanoparticles | Cd (II), Cu (II), Ni (II) and Pb (II) | 120.1, 50.2, 39.3 and 21.7 | [202] |
| 42 | Al2O3 nanoparticles | Cd (II), Cu (II), Ni (II) and Pb (II) | 118.9, 47.9, 35.9 and 41.2 | [202] |
| 43 | MgO nanoparticles | Cd (II), Cu (II), Ni (II) and Pb (II) | 135, 149.1, 149.9 and 148.6 | [202] |
| 44 | MgO nanoparticles | Cu (II) | - | [203] |
| 45 | MgO nanoparticles | Cd (II) and Pb (II) | 2294 and 2614 | [204] |
| 46 | mesoporous MgO nanosheets | Ni (II) | 1684.25 | [205] |
| 47 | CeO2 nanoparticles | Cr (VI) | 121.95 | [209] |
| 48 | CeO2 nanoparticles | As (III) and As (V) | 71.9 and 36.8 | [210] |
| 49 | CeO2 nanopowder | Pb (II), Cu (II) and Zn (II) | 23,-,- | [213] |
| 50 | mesoporous ZrO2 | Cr (VI) | 73.0 | [215] |
| 51 | ZrO2/B2O3 nanocomposite | Co (II), Cu (II) and Cd (II) | 32.2, 46.5 and 109.9 | [216] |
| 52 | HZO-PS | Cd (II) | - | [217] |
| 53 | NZP | Pb (II) and Cd (II) | 319.4 and 214.7 | [218] |
| 54 | CNTs/chitosan | Cu (II), Zn (II), Cd (II), and Ni (II) | - | [226] |
| 55 | CNT/PAMAM | As (III), Co (II) and Zn (II) | 432, 494 and 470 | [231] |
| 56 | HAp/NaP | Pb (II) and Cd (II) | 55.55 and 40.16 | [236] |
| 57 | polypyrrole-polyaniline/Fe3O4 | Pb (II) | 243.9 | [243] |
| 58 | NC-AgNPs | Pb (II) and Cr (III) | 9.42 and 8.93 | [245] |
| 59 | ZOCS | Pb (II), Cd (II) and Cu (II) | 476.1, 135.1 and 117.6 | [246] |
| 60 | chitosan/alginate nanocomposite | Cr (VI) | 108.8 | [248] |
| 61 | Fe3O4@SiO2/Zr-MOFs | Pb (II) | 102 | [255] |
| 62 | Fe@MgO | Pb (II) | 1476.4 | [256] |