Figure 9.

Osteogenic differentiation under the influence of immune cell subsets. (A) Naïve T cells compared to CD8+ T cells did not alter the osteogenic differentiation. Activated CD8+ T cells significantly lowered the calcium deposition. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC) increased the mineralization of the extracellular matrix compared to the osteogenic medium without immune cells. This is due to a decreased proliferation (B). Conditioned medium from CD8+ T cells increased proliferation but hindered the osteogenic differentiation of hMSC. (C) Cytokine production of activated CD8+ T cells was strong pro-inflammatory, activated PBMC mainly produced TNFα but not IFNγ, whereas activated naïve T cells did not produce significant amounts of IFNγ and TNFα. N = 3 immune cell donors, naïve and CD8+ T cell isolation was performed for each donor, N = 2 hMSC donors, assay was run in triplicates, boxplot distribution with median, mean depicted with a +, ELISA data shown as mean ± SD, unpaired t-test, ^*p < 0.05.