Table 5.

Hierarchical regression analyses with secondary traumatic stress entered at step 1, and posttraumatic stress, general distress, perceived stress, occupational effort, and rewards entered at step 2.

	Depersonalization (MBI)a			Exhaustion (MBI)			Accomplishments (MBI)
	β	SE	z	β	SE	z	β	SE	z
1. Secondary traumatic stress (STSS-F)a	0.50	0.06	8.47***	0.68	0.05	13.61***	−0.39	0.06	−6.24***
2. Secondary traumatic stress (STSS-F)a	0.54	0.09	6.01***	0.41	0.07	5.95***	−0.18	0.09	−2.02*
Posttraumatic stress (PTSD-7)	−0.11c	0.08	−1.34	0.03c	0.06	0.45	−0.01	0.08	−0.12
General distress (HADS)	−0.01c	0.07	−0.16	−0.06c	0.05	−1.14	0.02	0.07	0.27
Perceived stress (PSS)	−0.07c	0.08	−0.86	0.14b	0.06	2.25*	−0.25	0.08	−3.11**
Effort (ERI)	0.23b	0.07	3.55***	0.25	0.05	5.00***	0.24c	0.07	3.73***
Reward (ERI)	0.04c	0.07	0.60	−0.24c	0.05	−4.84***	0.37c	0.06	5.72***
Step 1	R2 = 0.25, SE = 0.05, z = 4.88***			R2 = 0.46, SE = 0.05, z = 9.25***			R2 = 0.15, SE = 0.05, z = 3.39***
Step 2	R2 = 0.30, SE = 0.05, z = 5.72***			R2 = 0.59, SE = 0.04, z = 14.03***			R2 = 0.31, SE = 0.05, z = 5.89***

Regression analyses were carried out in Mplus using maximum likelihood estimation; β = standardized regression coefficient; SE, standard error; z, z-test (β/SE);

^aPrior to the analyses one score (STSS-F total) and three scores (depersonalization) scores were altered;

^bCoefficient differs at p < 0.01 from the respective STSS-F coefficient (Wald-test);

^cCoefficient differs at p < 0.001 from the respective STSS-F coefficient (Wald-test); tolerance values for all predictor variables in the second step were ≥.49;

^*p < 0.05;

^**p < 0.01,

^***p < 0.001; N = 219.