Table 2.
Seropositivity to individual sexually transmitted infections and risk of ovarian cancer: results from the NHS and NHSII
| Control, n | All cases | Borderline ovarian tumours | Invasive EOC | Invasive serous EOC | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusteda | Adjusteda | Adjusteda | Adjusteda | |||||||||||
| Case, n | RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | Case, n | RR | 95% CI | Case, n | RR | 95% CI | Case, n | RR | 95% CI | ||
| C. trachomatis | |||||||||||||||
| Negative | 297 | 271 | Ref. | Ref. | 63 | Ref. | 208 | Ref. | 135 | Ref. | |||||
| Positive | 40 | 66 | 2.04 | 1.26–3.29 | 2.07 | 1.25–3.43 | 17 | 2.11 | 1.04–4.28 | 49 | 1.98 | 1.21–3.23 | 35 | 2.31 | 1.33–4.01 |
| M. genitalium | |||||||||||||||
| Negative | 328 | 320 | Ref. | Ref. | 74 | Ref. | 246 | Ref. | 164 | Ref. | |||||
| Positive | 9 | 17 | 2.00 | 0.86–4.67 | 1.92 | 0.78–4.72 | 6 | 2.75 | 0.86–8.76 | 11 | 1.81 | 0.68–4.77 | 6 | 1.59 | 0.51–4.98 |
| Herpes simplex virus, type 2 | |||||||||||||||
| Negative | 308 | 299 | Ref. | Ref. | 68 | Ref. | 231 | Ref. | 152 | Ref. | |||||
| Positive | 29 | 38 | 1.36 | 0.81–2.28 | 1.38 | 0.79–2.42 | 12 | 2.04 | 0.92–4.54 | 26 | 1.24 | 0.69–2.26 | 18 | 1.32 | 0.68–2.59 |
| HPV16 E6 or HPV18 E6+E7 or HPV45 E6+E7 | |||||||||||||||
| Negative | 330 | 326 | Ref. | Ref. | 77 | Ref. | 249 | Ref. | 164 | Ref. | |||||
| Positive | 7 | 11 | 1.57 | 0.61–4.05 | 1.23 | 0.44–3.44 | 3 | 2.03 | 0.47–8.77 | 8 | 1.37 | 0.47–3.99 | 6 | 1.84 | 0.58–5.88 |
CI confidence interval, EOC epithelial ovarian cancer, HPV human papillomavirus, NHS Nurses’ Health Study, RR relative risk
aConditional logistic regression models for all cases; all other results are from unconditional logistic regression models additionally controlling for matching factors (year of birth (±1 year), menopausal status at diagnosis (premenopausal, postmenopausal, unknown), and factors at one or both blood draws: menopausal status (premenopausal, postmenopausal, unknown), month of collection (±1 month), time of day (±2 h), fasting status (>8, ≤8 h), and postmenopausal hormone use (yes/no). Premenopausal NHSII cases and controls additionally matched on luteal day at blood collection (date of next menstrual cycle minus date of blood draw, ±1 day)). All adjusted models adjusted for: parity (nulliparous, 1 pregnancy, 2 pregnancies, 3 pregnancies, 4+ pregnancies), oral contraceptive use (never, <1 year, 1–5 years, 5+ years), tubal ligation (yes, no), marital status (never, married/domestic partnership/living with partner, divorced/separated, widowed), and weight change between ages 18 years and blood collection (kg, continuous)