Table 1.
Patient Demographics and Clinical Variables by Presence of Fever
| Patients without fever (n=116) | Patients with fever (n=132) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 64 ± 15 | 64 ± 13 | 0.07 |
| Sex (Female) | 62 (53.4%) | 63 (47.7%) | 0.38 |
| Race | |||
| Black or African American | 43 (37.1%) | 59 (44.7%) | 0.46 |
| White/Caucasian | 65 (56.0%) | 66 (50.0%) | |
| Other | 8 (6.9%) | 7 (5.3%) | |
| Admission GCS | 15 (13–15) | 11 (7–14) | < 0.001 |
| Admission NIHSS | 5.5 (2–10) | 16 (5–22) | < 0.001 |
| Initial Hematoma Volume, ml | 5.5 (2.4–14) | 16.5 (5.4–36) | < 0.001 |
| Intraventricular Hemorrhage Present | 31 (26.7%) | 73 (55.3%) | < 0.001 |
| Initial Graeb Score | 0 (0–1) | 2 (2–6) | < 0.001 |
| Lobar Location | 38 (32.8%) | 55 (41.7%) | 0.19 |
| ICH Score | 1 (0–1) | 2 (1–3) | < 0.001 |
| Initial Systolic Blood Pressure, mmHg | 190 (158–216) | 190 (152–223) | 0.60 |
| International Normalized Ratio (INR) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 1.1 (1.0–1.1) | 0.91 |
| Warfarin Use | 7 (6.0%) | 11 (8.3%) | 0.63 |
| Beta Blocker Exposure | 75 (64.7%) | 68 (51.5%) | 0.04 |
| History of Hypertension | 94 (81.0%) | 90 (68.2%) | 0.03 |
| History of Diabetes Mellitus | 27 (23.3%) | 30 (22.7%) | 0.99 |
| History of Ischemic Stroke | 15 (12.9%) | 19 (14.4%) | 0.85 |
| History of Coronary Artery Disease | 15 (12.9%) | 20 (15.2%) | 0.72 |
| Ventilator Free Days | 14 (14–14) | 6.5 (1–14) | < 0.001 |
| Pneumonia During Hospitalization | 2 (1.7%) | 33 (25%) | < 0.001 |
| Heart Rate, per minute | 80 (70–91) | 85 (74–99) | 0.02 |
| R-R Interval, msec | 189 (164–216) | 176 (151–202) | 0.01 |
| HRV by SDNN, msec | 2.55 (1.58–5.72) | 1.72 (1.08–3.60) | 0.001 |
| HRV by Standardized SDNN | 0.013 (0.008–0.026) | 0.010 (0.007–0.018) | 0.003 |
| HRV by RMSSD, msec | 2.36 (1.28–5.08) | 1.74 (1.19–4.08) | 0.08 |
| HRV by Standardized RMSSD | 0.031 (0.016–0.069) | 0.021 (0.014–0.056) | 0.03 |
GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale, HRV = heart rate variability, ICH = intracerebral hemorrhage, NIHSS = National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, RMSSD = root mean square of successive R-R interval differences, SDNN = standard deviation of the R-R interval.