Table 2.

Analysis of Easy Hard Word Identification Performance Null Exposure condition as base, model converged

	Estimate	SE	Z	p
Intercept	−1.10	0.34	−3.28	0.0010**
Easy vs. Hard	−1.09	0.30	−3.65	0.0003***
Comparisons with No Exposure Condition
VL	0.58	0.41	1.42	0.157
VLN	−0.14	0.41	−0.35	0.725
VLF+V	0.13	0.41	0.32	0.749
VLF-V	−0.13	0.42	−0.30	0.766
VLNC-V	0.24	0.41	0.58	0.560
VLNC+V	0.96	0.42	2.30	0.021*
Unrestricted	0.75	0.41	1.83	0.067

Results of a logistic/binomial mixed-effects regression analysis of the fixed effects of exposure condition (8 levels) on identification of word type (Easy or Hard). Here, the effects relative to Null Exposure are shown. The fixed effect of Word Type was contrast coded with Easy as the reference level (−0.5, 0.5). The model revealed that the effect of word type was significant; identification performance differs for Hard words and Easy words overall. Only the condition that included Voiced Obstruents (VLNC+V) differed from Null exposure condition.