Table 1. Socio-demographic characteristics of study subjects and risk factors for HIV-HBV or HIV-HCV Co-infection.
| Characteristics | Total (N = 400) | HIV-1 mono (N = 328) | HIV-1/HBV (N = 50) ‡ | aOR (95% Cl) | HIV-1/HCV (N = 22) † | aOR (95% Cl) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 18–33 | 100(25) | 84(25.6) | 18(36)‡‡ | 9.66(1.17–79.61)* | 4(18.20) | 0.58(0.09–3.66) |
| 34–49 | 210(52.5) | 165(50.3) | 30(60) | 7.33(0.94–57.31) | 12(54.54) | 0.85(0.20–3.55) |
| 50–64 | 90(22.5) | 79(24.1) | 2(4) | 1 | 6(27.27) | 1 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 162(40.5) | 134(40.8) | 22(44) | 2.74(1.15–6.52)* | 6(27.27) | 1.13(0.29–4.45) |
| Female | 238(59.5) | 194(59.1) | 28(56) | 1 | 16(72.72) | 1 |
| Level of Education | ||||||
| Primary | 164(41) | 132(40.2) | 24(48)‡‡‡ | 9.60(1.21–76.08)** | 8(36.36) | 0.68(0.16–2.84) |
| JHS | 8(2) | 2(0.6) | 6(12) | 15.6 (9.62–18.61)*** | 0(0) | - |
| SHS | 98(24.5) | 76(23.2) | 16(32) | 14.67(1.82–118.09)* | 6(27.27) | 0.79(0.17–3.73) |
| Tertiary | 16(4) | 14(4.3) | 2(4) | 8.00(0.45–142.66) | 0(0) | - |
| No formal Education | 114(28.5) | 104(31.7) | 2(4) | 1 | 8(36.36) | 1 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | 198(49.5) | 168(51.2) | 20(40)‡‡ | 1 | 10(45.45) | 1 |
| Single | 90(22.5) | 62(18.9) | 22(44) | 2.88(1.12–7.39* | 6(27.27) | 1.34(0.31–5.88) |
| Widow/Divorced | 112(28) | 98(29.9) | 8(16) | 0.69(0.20–2.29) | 6(27.27) | 1.06(0.25–4.63) |
| Residence | ||||||
| Urban | 272(68) | 224(68.3) | 36(72) | 1 | 12(54.54) | 1 |
| Peri-Urban | 128(32) | 104(31.7) | 14(28) | 0.84(0.43–1.62) | 10(45.45) | 1.79(0.75–4.29) |
| Employment | ||||||
| Employed | 294(73.5) | 248(75.6) | 34(68) | 1 | 12(54.54) | 1 |
| Unemployed | 106(26) | 80(24.4) | 16(32) | 1.46(0.77–2.78) | 10(45.54) | 2.58(1.08–6.20) |
Chi square and Fisher exact test (2x2 contingencies) was performed to compare categorical variables. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
‡ for comparison between HIV-1 mono-infection and HIV-1/HBV co-infection
‡‡, p<0.01
‡‡‡, p<0.0001.
† for comparison between HIV-1 mono-infection and HIV-1/HCV co-infection
aOR: adjusted odds ratio; Covariate for adjusted model in age, level of education and marital status. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant (p values of significant variables are in bold print). 1: reference category
*, p<0.05
**, p<0.01
***, p<0.0001