Table 2. Summary of the different protocols for the identification of An. gambiae s.l. complex.
| METHODS | STEPS | DIAGNOSIS | Identification Methods | REFERENCE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| STEP 1 | STEP 2 | ||||
| Sequencing ITS2 region | ITS2 (Internal transcribed spacers) & COI (cytochrome oxidase sub unit 1) | An. gambiae s.s. An. quadriannulatus, An. arabiensis & An. funestus s.s | DNA sequence | Lobo et.al 2015 | |
| MULTIPLEX RT-PCR | Taqman SNP genotyping + LNA(locked nucleic acid) | An. gambiae s.s., An. melas, An. merus, An. quadriannulatus & An. arabiensis | Fluorescent / Melting temperature | Bass et al, 2008. | |
| SINE PCR* | Conventional PCR | An. gambiae, An. coluzzii & An. arabiensis | Gel electrophoresis | Santolamazza et.al 2008 | |
| Taqman RT-PCR | RT-PCR 28S IGS Taqman | Taqman SNP genotyping using Walker et al, 2007 | An. gambiae s.s., An. melas, An. merus, An. quadriannulatus & An. arabiensis | Fluorescent | Bass et al, 2007 |
| RT-PCR | Taqman SNP genotyping | An. gambiae s.s, An. arabiensis An. quadriannulatus as a false positive for An. gambiae | Fluorescent/Melting temperature | Walker et.al 2007 | |
| Multiplex PCR* | Conventional PCR | An. quadriannulatus, An. melas/An. merus, An. gambiae, An. arabiensis & An. coluzzii | Gel electrophoresis | Wilkins et al, 2006 | |
| Multiplex PCR | Conventional PCR | An. quadriannulatus | Gel electrophoresis | Fettene et.al 2003 | |
| Normal PCR | Conventional PCR | An. quadriannulatus B | Gel electrophoresis | Fettene et al, 2002 | |
| PCR-RFLP* | Conventional PCR | RFLP | An. gambiae, An. coluzzii, An. melas, An. merus, An. quadriannulatus & An. arabiensis | Gel electrophoresis | Fanello et al, 2002 |
| Normal PCR* | Conventional PCR | An. gambiae, An. coluzzii, hybrid & Bamako form | Gel electrophoresis | Favia et al, 2001 | |
| PCR-RFLP* | Conventional PCR | RFLP; 28S IGS using Hha1 or Tru91 enzyme | An. gambiae, An. coluzzii & Bamako form | Gel electrophoresis | Favia et al, 1997 |
| Normal PCR | Conventional PCR | An. bwambae | Gel electrophoresis | Townson et al 1994 | |
| Normal PCR | Conventional PCR | An. gambiae s.s, An. melas, An. merus, An. arabiensis & An. quadriannulatus | Gel electrophoresis | Scott et.al 1993 | |
*Represents the protocols enabling the identification of An. gambiae and An. coluzzii