Table 2.

Korean Food Items Causing Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Korean Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Ranking	Korean food items	Food group	Patient number (%)	P-valuea
1st	Whole milk	High-FODMAP foods	35 (34.7)	< 0.001
2nd	Instant ramen	High-FODMAP foods and high-fat foods	28 (27.7)	< 0.001
3rd	Black bean-sauce noodles/Chinese-style noodles with vegetables and seafood	High-FODMAP foods and high-fat foods	25 (24.8)	< 0.001
3rd	Pork belly	High-fat foods	25 (24.8)	< 0.001
5th	Pizza/hamburger	High-FODMAP foods and high-fat foods	24 (23.8)	< 0.001
6th	Noodle soup	High-FODMAP foods	21 (20.8)	< 0.001
6th	Bread	High-FODMAP foods	21 (20.8)	< 0.001
8th	Processed meat	High-fat foods	18 (17.8)	< 0.001

^aPearson’s chi-square test was used to examine the differences between controls and patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

FODMAP, fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides, and polyols.