Table 1.

Characteristics of Adults Hospitalized for Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Category	Value	Aged 18–64 Years, Private Insurance		Aged ≥65Years, Medicare Insurance
		(n = 22 128)		(n = 130 746)
		No.	(%)	No.	(%)
Age, y	18–44	5849	26	NA
	45–64	16 279	74	NA
	65–84	NA		104 033	80
	85+	NA		26 713	20
Sex
	Male	10 014	45	57 945	44
	Female	12 114	55	72 801	56
Race
	White	NA		110 330	84
	Black	NA		10 406	8
	Other	NA		10 010	8
Healthcare use 30 d prior to hospitalization
Outpatient claims		8955	40	54 147	41
Hospice claims		28	0	188	0.1
Potential healthcare-associated pneumonia
	Total	2581	12	16 565	13
	IV antimicrobial therapya	1609	7	7314	6
	IV chemotherapya	754	3	4566	3
	Hemodialysis	313	1	4922	4
	Skilled nursing facility claims	19	0	1134	0.9
Index hospitalization (2–10 day LOS)
Admission typeb
	Medical	21 371	97	129 130	99
	Surgical	752	3	1615	1
Admission type
	Elective	NA		8989	7
	Urgent	NA		22 963	18
	Emergency	NA		98 425	75
	Other (trauma or unknown)	NA		369	<1
Admission diagnosis
	Rank 1: Pneumonia, organism unspecifiedc	NA		67 102	51
	Rank 2: Shortness of breathc	NA		18 596	14
	Rank 3: Coughc	NA		6603	5
	Pneumonia: 481–486	NA		69 781	53
Pneumonia, present on admission
	Present	NA		129 415	99
	Not present	NA		43	0.03
	Other (undetermined, insufficient info, exempt)	NA		1288	1
Intensive care unit status
	Any stay	1396	6	25 551	20
	No stay	20 732	94	105 195	80
LOS, d
	2	6466	29	30 958	24
	3	5868	27	33 762	26
	4	3848	17	24 560	19
	5	2264	10	15 815	12
	6	1441	7	10 325	8
	7	960	4	6801	5
	8	608	3	4251	3
	9	424	2	2642	2
	10	259	1	1632	1
Diagnosis-related group
	Median (Q1–Q3) weight	1.0	1.0–1.5	1.0	1.0–1.5
	193 Simple pneumonia and pleurisy with MCC	5191	23	30999	24
	194 Simple pneumonia and pleurisy with CC	9801	44	60 917	47
	195 Simple pneumonia and pleurisy without CC/MCC	5440	25	30 661	23
Hospitals		2100		3227
States, districtsb,d		51		51
Hospital census region
	Northeast	3247	15	21 115	16
	South	9657	44	58 944	45
	Midwest	5726	26	30 405	23
	West	2608	12	20 279	16
	Unknown	890	4	≤10e	0
Hospital size, number of bedsb
	1–199	NA		46 758	36
	200–299	NA		24 645	19
	300–499	NA		33 275	25
	≥500	NA		26 065	20
Discharge diagnosesf
	Heart failure	1668	8	30 785	24
	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiectasis	4944	22	54 236	41
	Bronchiectasis	313	1	3181	2
	Empyema/lung abscess	238	1	216	0.2
	Asthma	3623	16	13 886	11
	Diabetes	3796	17	43 327	33
	Chronic kidney disease	1108	5	27 311	21
	End stage renal disease	484	2	5371	4
	Stroke	248	1	5227	4
	Liver disease, cirrhosis, and other liver conditions, viral hepatitis	906	4	2988	2
	Cancer/malignancy	2571	12	32 090	25
	Other human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS	24	0	111	0
Proceduresf
	Hemodialysis	308	1	4566	3
	Mechanical ventilation	111	0.5	482	0.4
Discharge quarter
	January-March	6354	29	40 680	31
	April-June	5490	25	33 147	25
	July-September	4646	21	25 291	19
	October-December	5638	25	31 628	24
Follow-up (−1 to +3 days following discharge)
Number of outpatient prescriptionsg
	0	4419	20	26 390	20
	1	13 927	63	85 012	65
	2	3609	16	18 647	14
	≥3	173	0.8	697	0.5
Number of deaths following discharge		NA		258	0.2

Abbreviations: CC, complication or comorbidity; IV, intravenous; LOS, length of stay; MCC, major complication or comorbidity; NA, not available; Q, quartile.

^aIncludes durable medical equipment, home health, hospice, outpatient hospital, and skilled nursing services.

^bMissing values—Admission type: 18–64 years, n ≤ 10; ≥65 years, n ≤ 10. Hospital size: ≥65 years, n ≤ 10. Number of states: ≥65 years, n ≤ 10 patient hospitalizations.

^c486, pneumonia, organism unspecified; 786.05, shortness of breath; 786.2, cough.

^dMaximum number of states and districts is 51 due to the inclusion of the District of Columbia.

^eIn accordance with the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services data use agreement and for consistency in presentation, actual number and corresponding percent of total were not displayed when cell sizes ≤10.

^fConstellations of diagnosis and procedure codes for each diagnosis and procedure based on the following resources:

-CCW chronic conditions: https://www.ccwdata.org/cs/groups/public/documents/document/ccw_chronic_cond_algos.pdf

-Other chronic or potentially disabling conditions: https://www.ccwdata.org/cs/groups/public/documents/document/other_cond_algos_consolidated.pdf

-Clinical classifications software for ICD-9-CM: https://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/toolssoftware/ccs/ccs.jsp

^gAntibiotic prescriptions filled between −1 and +3 days following discharge.