. 2019 Apr 19;9:6320. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-42534-x

Table 3.

Age- and sex- adjusted associations between retinal and brain imaging-derived measurements in Lothian Birth Cohort 1936.

	CRAE	CRVE	BSTDa	BSTDv	FDa	FDv	TORTa	TORTv	BCa	BCv	AFa	AFv	LDRa	LDRv	Gradient a	Gradient v
	CRAE	CRVE	BSTDa	BSTDv	FDa	FDv	TORTa	TORTv	BCa	BCv	AFa	AFv	LDRa	LDRv	1^st Unrotated PC	1^st Unrotated PC
	β	β	β	β	β	β	β	β	β	β	β	β	β	β	β	β
WMH % in BTV	−0.091	−0.076	0.050	0.014	−0.203 ^***	−0.140^a	−0.027	0.084	0.030	−0.019	0.008	0.031	0.069	0.018	0.025	0.025
BTV mm³	−0.053	0.043	−0.089	−0.036	0.020	−0.017	−0.035	−0.113^a	0.029	−0.063	−0.070	−0.042	−0.031	−0.007	0.007	0.068
WMH % in ICV	−0.091	−0.076	0.049	0.016	−0.203***	−0.143^a	−0.027	0.082	0.031	−0.019	0.008	0.028	0.073	0.021	0.025	0.026
ICV mm³	−0.065	0.071	−0.099	−0.084	0.027	0.037	−0.039	−0.083	0.008	−0.101	−0.102	0.003	−0.131^a	−0.082	0.007	0.075
Fazekas Periventricular	−0.054	0.013	0.083	0.022	−0.157***	−0.080	0.000	0.083	−0.034	0.043	0.000	0.017	0.008	−0.003	0.012	−0.011
Fazekas Deep	−0.016	−0.010	0.054	0.056	−0.118^a	−0.084	0.008	0.113^a	−0.010	0.023	0.014	−0.005	0.060	0.044	0.022	0.059
Atrophy Deep	−0.035	−0.007	0.024	−0.011	−0.076	0.021	0.021	0.073	0.113^a	0.075	−0.100^a	−0.032	−0.038	−0.058	0.042	−0.019
Atrophy Superficial	−0.017	−0.007	0.044	−0.041	−0.071	0.026	0.011	0.046	0.112^a	0.076	−0.082	−0.001	−0.062	−0.072	−0.024	−0.014
PVS	−0.043	0.028	−0.014	−0.044	0.041	0.080	0.010	0.146^a	−0.005	−0.016	0.047	0.038	−0.014	0.041	0.002	−0.029
Microbleeds	−0.020	0.003	−0.052	0.000	0.000	0.016	0.028	−0.018	−0.062	−0.024	0.025	0.032	0.019	−0.067	−0.039	−0.048
SVD score	−0.059	0.009	−0.005	−0.009	−0.051	0.025	0.007	0.141^a	−0.029	0.018	0.040	0.024	0.033	0.001	0.037	−0.005

Note. Model adjusted for age and sex. WMH = white matter hyperintensities; BTV = brain tissue volume; ICV = intracranial volume; PVS = basal ganglia perivascular spaces; SVD = small vessel disease; CRAE = central retinal artery equivalent; CRVE = central vein retinal equivalent; BSTDa = standard deviation of arteriolar widths in Zone B; BSTDv = standard deviation of venular widths in Zone B; FDa = fractal dimension arteriolar; FDv = fractal dimension venular; TORTa = arteriolar tortuosity; TORTv = venular tortuosity; BCa = arteriolar branching coefficient; BCv = venular branching coefficient; AFa = arteriolar asymmetry factor; AFv = venular asymmetry factor; LDRa = arteriolar length diameter ratio; LRDv = venular length diameter ratio; Gradient a = arteriolar width gradient; Gradient v = venular width gradient; PC = principal component; Bolded values are statistically significant. WML % volumes and tortuosity log transformed. β, Standardised regression coefficients.

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; all p-values corrected for False Discovery Rate. ^aValue was statistically significant at p < 0.05 before FDR correction.