Table 2.
Hazard Ratio (95% CI) of Cardiovascular Mortality According to DASH Score
| Quintiles of DASH score | P for Trenda | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | ||
| Median (IQR) | 18 (17–19) | 21 (20–22) | 23 (23–24) | 26 (25–27) | 30 (28–31) | |
| CVD mortality | ||||||
| Cases/person‐years | 763/136 023 | 1221/217 734 | 913/179 137 | 1101/233 318 | 873/215 770 | |
| Multivariable modelb | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.81–0.98) | 0.82 (0.74–0.90) | 0.78 (0.71–0.86) | 0.70 (0.64–0.78) | <0.001 |
| + Na | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.82–0.98) | 0.82 (0.75–0.91) | 0.79 (0.71–0.87) | 0.71 (0.64–0.79) | <0.001 |
| + Ca, Mg, Na, K | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.82–0.99) | 0.83 (0.75–0.92) | 0.79 (0.71–0.88) | 0.72 (0.63–0.82) | <0.001 |
| CAD mortality | ||||||
| Cases/person‐years | 418/136 023 | 666/217 734 | 486/179 137 | 587/233 318 | 453/215 770 | |
| Multivariable modelb | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.80–1.02) | 0.81 (0.71–0.92) | 0.77 (0.68–0.88) | 0.69 (0.60–0.79) | <0.001 |
| + Na | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.80–1.02) | 0.81 (0.71–0.93) | 0.78 (0.68–0.89) | 0.69 (0.60–0.80) | <0.001 |
| + Ca, Mg, Na, K | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.81–1.05) | 0.83 (0.72–0.96) | 0.80 (0.69–0.93) | 0.72 (0.60–0.85) | <0.001 |
| Stroke mortality | ||||||
| Cases/person‐years | 222/136 023 | 357/217 734 | 267/179 137 | 319/233 318 | 248/215 770 | |
| Multivariable modelb | 1.00 | 0.86 (0.73–1.02) | 0.79 (0.66–0.94) | 0.74 (0.62–0.88) | 0.64 (0.53–0.78) | <0.001 |
| + Na | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.74–1.03) | 0.80 (0.66–0.96) | 0.75 (0.63–0.90) | 0.66 (0.54–0.80) | <0.001 |
| + Ca, Mg, Na, K | 1.00 | 0.86 (0.73–1.03) | 0.79 (0.65–0.96) | 0.73 (0.60–0.89) | 0.62 (0.49–0.78) | <0.001 |
CAD indicates coronary artery disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; IQR, interquartile range.
a
Linear trend was tested by treating the median values of quintiles as a continuous variable.
b
Multivariable model 1: adjusted for age, sex, dialect, year of interview, educational level, body mass index, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol use, history of diabetes mellitus, history of hypertension, total energy intake, and dietary supplement use.