Table 3.
Hazard Ratio (95% CI) of Cardiovascular Mortality According to Calcium, Potassium, and Magnesium Intakes in Fully Adjusted Model
| Quintiles | Minerals | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ca | Mg | K | Na | |
| CVD mortality | ||||
| Q1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 1.02 (0.93–1.11) | 0.98 (0.89–1.07) | 0.98 (0.89–1.07) | 1.04 (0.95–1.15) |
| Q3 | 0.94 (0.85–1.04) | 1.02 (0.93–1.13) | 0.87 (0.79–0.97) | 1.04 (0.94–1.15) |
| Q4 | 0.92 (0.82–1.02) | 1.03 (0.93–1.15) | 0.91 (0.82–1.02) | 1.10 (0.99–1.22) |
| Q5 | 1.01 (0.90–1.12) | 1.06 (0.94–1.19) | 0.89 (0.78–1.01) | 1.16 (1.05–1.29) |
| P for trend | 0.98 | 0.22 | 0.04 | 0.003 |
| CAD mortality | ||||
| Q1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 0.99 (0.87–1.12) | 0.95 (0.84–1.08) | 0.92 (0.81–1.04) | 1.06 (0.93–1.20) |
| Q3 | 0.89 (0.78–1.03) | 0.98 (0.86–1.12) | 0.85 (0.74–0.98) | 1.02 (0.89–1.17) |
| Q4 | 0.90 (0.78–1.04) | 1.04 (0.90–1.20) | 0.85 (0.73–0.99) | 1.09 (0.94–1.25) |
| Q5 | 1.00 (0.87–1.16) | 1.03 (0.87–1.21) | 0.82 (0.69–0.97) | 1.12 (0.97–1.30) |
| P for trend | 0.83 | 0.48 | 0.02 | 0.11 |
| Stroke mortality | ||||
| Q1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 1.05 (0.89–1.25) | 0.96 (0.81–1.14) | 1.08 (0.91–1.27) | 1.07 (0.90–1.28) |
| Q3 | 0.97 (0.80–1.17) | 0.97 (0.81–1.16) | 1.00 (0.83–1.21) | 1.10 (0.91–1.32) |
| Q4 | 0.88 (0.72–1.08) | 0.99 (0.81–1.20) | 0.97 (0.79–1.19) | 1.13 (0.93–1.37) |
| Q5 | 0.97 (0.79–1.19) | 1.04 (0.84–1.30) | 0.97 (0.77–1.23) | 1.28 (1.05–1.56) |
| P for trend | 0.53 | 0.61 | 0.60 | 0.01 |
Multivariable model: adjusted for age, sex, dialect, year of interview, educational level, body mass index, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol use, history of diabetes mellitus, history of hypertension, total energy intake, ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids intake, dietary intake of cholesterol, long‐chain omega‐3 fatty acid, other omega‐3 fatty acids, fiber, and dietary supplements use. CAD indicates coronary artery disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease.