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. 2019 Mar 5;8(5):e011112. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.118.011112

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© 2019 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Forest plot of HRs for NOAC vs warfarin among patients with either alcoholic or nonalcoholic liver cirrhosis taking oral anticoagulants. In total, 222 (15%) and 143 (14%) patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis were taking NOACs and warfarin, respectively. For those patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, the NOAC group has risks of thromboembolism and all major bleeding comparable to those of the warfarin group. For those patients with nonalcoholic liver cirrhosis, the NOAC group has lower risks of major GIB and all major bleeding than the warfarin group. GIB indicates gastrointestinal bleeding; HR, hazard ratio; ICH, intracranial hemorrhage; IS/SE, ischemic stroke/systemic embolism; NOAC, non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant.