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. 2018 Oct 11;7(20):e010025. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.118.010025

Figure 5.

Figure 5

HSPG‐bound growth factors mediate SW effects. A, Heparin and heparinase pretreatment neutralizes SW‐induced cell proliferation. Pretreatment of HUVECs with heparinase or heparin both abolished SW effects on cell proliferation. (scale bar=100 μm) (*P<0.05 vs CTR). All experiments were performed at least in triplicate. B, Improved cell survival after SWT is inhibited upon treatment with heparin and heparinase. Starved HUVECs showed no improved survival after SWT when pretreated with heparin or heparinase. (scale bar=100 μm) (*P<0.05 vs CTR). All experiments were performed at least in triplicate. C, Cleavage of heparin and heparin sulfate abolished SW‐induced capillary sprouting. Pretreatment with heparin and heparinase neutralized capillary sprouting after SWT in a murine aortic ring assay hinting towards pivotal involvement of HSPG in SW‐mediated angiogenesis. (n=6 per group, *P<0.05 vs CTR). CTR indicates control; DAPI, 4′,diamidino‐2‐phenylindole; HPF, high‐power field; HSPG, heparan sulfate proteoglycan; HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cell; SWT, shock wave therapy; TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labeling.