Table 3.

Comparison of Different Modes of Pharmacological Cardioversion

Variable	Amiodarone (N=210)	Propafenone (N=42)	Antazoline (N=109)	Antazoline+Amiodarone (N=53)	Antazoline+Propafenone (N=13)	Amiodarone+Propafenone (N=18)	Antazoline+Amiodarone+Propafenone (N=5)	Antazoline vs Amiodarone P Value	Antazoline vs Propafenone P Value	Multiple Comparisons Test P Value
Age, y	67.7±11.2	64.2±12.4	62.8±12.0	67.4±10.7	59.4±11.8	58.4±15.6	69.0±4.1	<0.001a	0.292a	0.001b
Male sex	95 (45.2%)	9 (21.4%)	60 (55.0%)	29 (54.7%)	7 (53.8%)	10 (55.6%)	2 (40.0%)	0.096c	<0.001c	0.012d
EHRA class	3 (2–3)	2 (2–3)	3 (2–3)	3 (2–3)	2 (2–3)	3 (2–3)	3 (2.5–3)	0.995e	0.756e	0.846f
CHA2DS2‐VASc [pts]	2.9±1.6	2.6±1.7	2.6±1.5	3.0±1.5	2.2±1.7	2.1±1.5	2.2±0.8	0.082a	0.986a	0.072b
Heart rate, /min	119.8±25.8	122.2±19.8	122.1±23.8	121.6±25.9	111.3±25.4	125.3±23.8	114.0±41.0	0.478a	0.830a	0.758b
AF episode duration, h	12 (5–24)	12 (6–15)	7 (4–18)	10 (4–24)	7 (4–13)	12 (6–15)	9.5 (8–17)	0.051e	0.210e	0.449f
Persistent AF	13 (6.2%)	2 (4.8%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (1.9%)	0 (0.0%)	2 (11.1%)	0 (0.0%)	0.007c	0.016c	0.086d
Urgent hospital admission	95 (45.2%)	12 (28.6%)	18 (16.5%)	20 (37.7%)	4 (30.8%)	8 (44.4%)	4 (80.0%)	<0.001c	0.102c	<0.001d
Arterial hypertension	156 (74.3%)	25 (59.5%)	77 (70.6%)	45 (84.9%)	10 (76.9%)	11 (61.1%)	4 (80.0%)	0.435c	0.165c	0.087d
Diabetes mellitus	40 (19.1%)	4 (9.5%)	17 (15.6%)	14 (26.4%)	2 (15.4%)	2 (11.1%)	0 (0.0%)	0.422c	0.324c	0.299d
CAD/PAD	65 (30.9%)	9 (21.4%)	44 (40.4%)	17 (32.1%)	5 (38.5%)	4 (22.2%)	0 (0.0%)	0.111c	0.029c	0.169d
Former TIA/stroke	11 (5.2%)	3 (7.1%)	5 (4.6%)	1 (1.9%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0.786c	0.530c	0.756d
TnT, pg/mL	12 (8–21)	9 (4–13)	8 (7–12)	9 (7–16)	7 (5–10)	8 (5–14)	27 (7–45)	<0.001e	0.908e	0.001f
eGFR, mL/min	70.5±18.0	71.9±18.8	72.1±16.6	70.6±18.0	71.9±15.5	77.1±18.6	70.6±12.6	0.576a	0.819a	0.694b
K+ level, mEq/L	4.3±0.5	4.2±0.3	4.2±0.4	4.3±0.4	4.1±0.4	4.4±0.4	3.9±0.5	0.468a	0.669a	0.570b
WBC, ×1000/μL	7.95±2.39	7.27±1.63	7.42±2.25	8.38±5.55	7.15±1.20	7.36±1.58	7.45±4.66	0.038a	0.866a	0.237b
Hemoglobin, g/dL	14.1±1.6	14.5±1.2	14.5±1.5	14.6±1.3	14.6±1.4	14.4±1.8	13.5±2.3	0.040a	0.583a	0.349b
LVEF, %	51.6±10.6	54.7±8.2	55.0±5.9	51.4±8.9	55.4±3.6	52.2±9.1	52.0±4.5	0.064a	0.662a	0.229b
LVEF <50%	38 (18.1%)	3 (7.1%)	8 (7.3%)	13 (24.5%)	0 (0.0%)	3 (16.7%)	1 (20.0%)	0.027c	0.933c	0.062d
LAd, mm	42.6±5.1	39.5±5.8	42.3±4.5	42.8±4.8	42.5±4.7	41.5±6.6	40.4±6.7	0.937a	0.009a	0.092b
Electrical cardioversion	17 (8.1%)	4 (9.5%)	7 (6.4%)	5 (9.4%)	3 (23.1%)	3 (17.7%)	0 (0.0%)	0.568c	0.485c	0.380d
IV potassium use	132 (62.9%)	29 (69.0%)	63 (57.8%)	32 (60.4%)	10 (76.9%)	12 (66.7%)	3 (60.0%)	0.346c	0.226c	0.799d
β‐blocker use	58 (27.6%)	23 (54.8%)	39 (35.8%)	20 (37.7%)	4 (30.8%)	10 (55.5%)	2 (40.0%)	0.163c	0.034c	0.018d
Successful pharmacological cardioversion	140 (66.7%)	33 (78.6%)	93 (85.3%)	29 (54.7%)	6 (46.2%)	11 (61.1%)	2 (40.0%)	<0.001c	0.317c	<0.001d

AF indicates atrial fibrillation; bpm, beats per minute; CAD, coronary artery disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; EHRA, European Heart Rhythm Association; IV, intravenous; LAd, left atrial diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; PAD, peripheral artery disease; SCr, serum creatinine concentration; SD, standard deviation; TIA, transient ischemic attack; TnT, troponin T concentration; WBC, white blood cell count.

^aStudent t test.

^bANOVA test.

^cChi‐squared test.

^dMultiple comparisons chi‐squared test.

^eMann‐Whitney U test.

^fKruskal‐Wallis test.