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. 2018 Oct 9;7(20):e010153. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.118.010153

Table 3.

Comparison of Different Modes of Pharmacological Cardioversion

Variable Amiodarone (N=210) Propafenone (N=42) Antazoline (N=109) Antazoline+Amiodarone (N=53) Antazoline+Propafenone (N=13) Amiodarone+Propafenone (N=18) Antazoline+Amiodarone+Propafenone (N=5) Antazoline vs Amiodarone P Value Antazoline vs Propafenone P Value Multiple Comparisons Test P Value
Age, y 67.7±11.2 64.2±12.4 62.8±12.0 67.4±10.7 59.4±11.8 58.4±15.6 69.0±4.1 <0.001a 0.292a 0.001b
Male sex 95 (45.2%) 9 (21.4%) 60 (55.0%) 29 (54.7%) 7 (53.8%) 10 (55.6%) 2 (40.0%) 0.096c <0.001c 0.012d
EHRA class 3 (2–3) 2 (2–3) 3 (2–3) 3 (2–3) 2 (2–3) 3 (2–3) 3 (2.5–3) 0.995e 0.756e 0.846f
CHA2DS2‐VASc [pts] 2.9±1.6 2.6±1.7 2.6±1.5 3.0±1.5 2.2±1.7 2.1±1.5 2.2±0.8 0.082a 0.986a 0.072b
Heart rate, /min 119.8±25.8 122.2±19.8 122.1±23.8 121.6±25.9 111.3±25.4 125.3±23.8 114.0±41.0 0.478a 0.830a 0.758b
AF episode duration, h 12 (5–24) 12 (6–15) 7 (4–18) 10 (4–24) 7 (4–13) 12 (6–15) 9.5 (8–17) 0.051e 0.210e 0.449f
Persistent AF 13 (6.2%) 2 (4.8%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (1.9%) 0 (0.0%) 2 (11.1%) 0 (0.0%) 0.007c 0.016c 0.086d
Urgent hospital admission 95 (45.2%) 12 (28.6%) 18 (16.5%) 20 (37.7%) 4 (30.8%) 8 (44.4%) 4 (80.0%) <0.001c 0.102c <0.001d
Arterial hypertension 156 (74.3%) 25 (59.5%) 77 (70.6%) 45 (84.9%) 10 (76.9%) 11 (61.1%) 4 (80.0%) 0.435c 0.165c 0.087d
Diabetes mellitus 40 (19.1%) 4 (9.5%) 17 (15.6%) 14 (26.4%) 2 (15.4%) 2 (11.1%) 0 (0.0%) 0.422c 0.324c 0.299d
CAD/PAD 65 (30.9%) 9 (21.4%) 44 (40.4%) 17 (32.1%) 5 (38.5%) 4 (22.2%) 0 (0.0%) 0.111c 0.029c 0.169d
Former TIA/stroke 11 (5.2%) 3 (7.1%) 5 (4.6%) 1 (1.9%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0.786c 0.530c 0.756d
TnT, pg/mL 12 (8–21) 9 (4–13) 8 (7–12) 9 (7–16) 7 (5–10) 8 (5–14) 27 (7–45) <0.001e 0.908e 0.001f
eGFR, mL/min 70.5±18.0 71.9±18.8 72.1±16.6 70.6±18.0 71.9±15.5 77.1±18.6 70.6±12.6 0.576a 0.819a 0.694b
K+ level, mEq/L 4.3±0.5 4.2±0.3 4.2±0.4 4.3±0.4 4.1±0.4 4.4±0.4 3.9±0.5 0.468a 0.669a 0.570b
WBC, ×1000/μL 7.95±2.39 7.27±1.63 7.42±2.25 8.38±5.55 7.15±1.20 7.36±1.58 7.45±4.66 0.038a 0.866a 0.237b
Hemoglobin, g/dL 14.1±1.6 14.5±1.2 14.5±1.5 14.6±1.3 14.6±1.4 14.4±1.8 13.5±2.3 0.040a 0.583a 0.349b
LVEF, % 51.6±10.6 54.7±8.2 55.0±5.9 51.4±8.9 55.4±3.6 52.2±9.1 52.0±4.5 0.064a 0.662a 0.229b
LVEF <50% 38 (18.1%) 3 (7.1%) 8 (7.3%) 13 (24.5%) 0 (0.0%) 3 (16.7%) 1 (20.0%) 0.027c 0.933c 0.062d
LAd, mm 42.6±5.1 39.5±5.8 42.3±4.5 42.8±4.8 42.5±4.7 41.5±6.6 40.4±6.7 0.937a 0.009a 0.092b
Electrical cardioversion 17 (8.1%) 4 (9.5%) 7 (6.4%) 5 (9.4%) 3 (23.1%) 3 (17.7%) 0 (0.0%) 0.568c 0.485c 0.380d
IV potassium use 132 (62.9%) 29 (69.0%) 63 (57.8%) 32 (60.4%) 10 (76.9%) 12 (66.7%) 3 (60.0%) 0.346c 0.226c 0.799d
β‐blocker use 58 (27.6%) 23 (54.8%) 39 (35.8%) 20 (37.7%) 4 (30.8%) 10 (55.5%) 2 (40.0%) 0.163c 0.034c 0.018d
Successful pharmacological cardioversion 140 (66.7%) 33 (78.6%) 93 (85.3%) 29 (54.7%) 6 (46.2%) 11 (61.1%) 2 (40.0%) <0.001c 0.317c <0.001d

AF indicates atrial fibrillation; bpm, beats per minute; CAD, coronary artery disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; EHRA, European Heart Rhythm Association; IV, intravenous; LAd, left atrial diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; PAD, peripheral artery disease; SCr, serum creatinine concentration; SD, standard deviation; TIA, transient ischemic attack; TnT, troponin T concentration; WBC, white blood cell count.

a

Student t test.

b

ANOVA test.

c

Chi‐squared test.

d

Multiple comparisons chi‐squared test.

e

Mann‐Whitney U test.

f

Kruskal‐Wallis test.