Table 2.
Baseline Clinical Characteristics of the Study Cohort
| Clinical Characteristic | Value (N=407) |
|---|---|
| Demographics | |
| Age, y | 65±13 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 253 (62) |
| Race, n (%) | |
| White | 210 (52) |
| Black | 159 (39) |
| Other | 38 (9) |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |
| Coronary artery disease | 190 (48) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 133 (33) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 108 (26) |
| Hypertension | 314 (77) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 134 (33) |
| Obesity | 216 (53) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 152 (37) |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 150 (36) |
| Smoker | 165 (40) |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 30 (8) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 28 (7) |
| Medications, n (%) | |
| ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker | 223 (55) |
| β Blocker | 271 (67) |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 48 (12) |
| Diuretic therapy | 290 (71) |
| Aspirin | 184 (45) |
| Statin | 204 (50) |
| Warfarin | 27 (24) |
| Laboratory data | |
| Sodium, mEq/L | 138±3 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 153±43 |
| Uric acid, mg/dL | 7.9±3.2 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 11.9±1.9 |
| Lymphocytes, % | 21.5±10.0 |
| B‐type natriuretic peptide, pg/mL | 230 (80–525) |
| NYHA functional class, n (%) | |
| I | 48 (12) |
| II | 163 (40) |
| III | 187 (46) |
| IV | 9 (2) |
All continuous variables are expressed as mean±SD or median (25th–75th percentile) for right‐skewed data. ACE indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme; NYHA, New York Heart Association.