Table 4.
Variables in the MAGGIC Risk Model and the SHFM: Association With Adverse Outcomes
| Variable | No Cardiovascular Hospitalization or Death (N=183) | Cardiovascular Hospitalization or Death (N=224) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 61.6±13.1 | 67.3±12.2 | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 66 (36) | 88 (39) | 0.51 |
| Body mass index, g/m2 | 32.2±8.7 | 32.9±9.9 | 0.49 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 125±19 | 125±21 | 0.75 |
| Ejection fraction, % | 61±6 | 61±7 | 0.92 |
| Current smoker | 74 (41) | 91 (41) | 0.97 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 41 (22) | 92 (41) | <0.001 |
| COPD | 55 (30) | 97 (43) | 0.006 |
| HF duration, mo | 1.0 (1.0–4.4) | 1.0 (1.0–4.9) | 0.08 |
| NYHA class | <0.001 | ||
| I | 33 (18) | 15 (7) | |
| II | 90 (49) | 73 (33) | |
| III | 59 (32) | 128 (57) | |
| IV | 1 (1) | 8 (4) | |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 1.3 (1.0–1.9) | <0.001 |
| ACE inhibitor or ARB | 102 (56) | 121 (54) | 0.73 |
| β Blocker | 109 (60) | 162 (72) | 0.007 |
| Statin | 79 (43) | 125 (56) | 0.011 |
| Allopurinol | 6 (3) | 12 (5) | 0.31 |
| Loop diuretic dose, mg furosemide equivalents | 40 (20–80) | 40 (20–80) | 0.16 |
| Sodium, mEq/L | 139±3 | 138±3 | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.3±1.7 | 11.5±1.9 | <0.001 |
| Lymphocyte count, % | 24.3±10.3 | 19.5±9.4 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, g/dL | 164±43 | 145±41 | <0.001 |
| Uric acid, g/dL | 7.2±2.7 | 8.3±3.4 | 0.08 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 76±15 | 73±14 | 0.03 |
| Mean arterial pressure, mm Hg | 90±13 | 88±13 | 0.09 |
| Ischemic cause | 92 (50) | 146 (65) | 0.002 |
| Scores | |||
| MAGGIC risk model | 14.9±6.3 | 20.4±7.3 | <0.0001 (P=1.94 × 10‐8) |
| SHFM | 0.59±0.72 | 1.16±0.90 | <0.0001 (P=2.97 × 10‐5) |
All categorical variables are expressed as number (percentage). All continuous variables are expressed as mean±SD or median (25th–75th percentile). ACE indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; bpm, beats per minute; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HF, heart failure; MAGGIC, Meta‐Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure; NYHA, New York Heart Association; SHFM, Seattle Heart Failure Model.