Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the participants
| Age (years) (mean±SD) | 74.2±8.5 |
| Gender, % (female/male) | 73.5/26.5 |
| Education (years) | 1.1±1.3 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) (mean±SD) | 33.1±42.0 |
| Comorbidities (%) | |
| • Hypertension | 65.5 |
| • Diabetes mellitus | 35.2 |
| • Congestive heart failure | 6.5 |
| • Coronary artery disease | 13.6 |
| • COPD | 17.6 |
| • Osteoarthritis | 18.0 |
| • Dementia | 7.1 |
| • Dysphagia | 5.2 |
| • Depression | 24.4 |
| Geriatric assessment (mean±SD) | |
| • MMSE | 24.3±4.6 |
| • BADL | 89.5±33.1 |
| • IADL | 17.3±7.4 |
| • GDS | 4.8±4.2 |
| • POMA | 27.4±8.6 |
| • TUG (seconds) | 14.1±9.7 |
Abbreviations: BADL, basic activity of daily living (0 [worst]–100 [best]); GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale (15 [worst]–0 [best]); IADL, instrumental activity of daily living (0 [worst]–23 [best]); MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination (0 [worst]–30 [best]); POMA, Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (0 [worst]–28 [best]); TUG, timed up and go test; SD, standard deviation.