Table 1.

Comparisons of longitudinal outcome measures in research participants with interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) or subclinical interstitial lung disease (ILD) by cohort

Variable	Per cent or median/means where appropriate and noted
	MESA†	Nagano, Japan‡	COPDGene§	MILD¶	FHS**	ECLIPSE††	NLST‡‡	AGES-Reykjavik§§	BWH RoCI¶¶
Baseline prevalence of ILA (%)	11	3	8	4	7	9	10	7	8
Radiological progression
Overall progression, follow-up time	–	46%, 4 years	–	25%, 3 years	43%, 6 years	–	20%, 2 years	–	–
Morbidity
FVC annual rate of decline (compared with general pop)	–	–	–	–	~2 times greater (for those with imaging progression)	–	–	–	–
Development of ARDS	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	OR 4.2 (among those presenting to the ICU with SIRS or sepsis)
Development of clinical ILD/PF diagnoses	Increased ILD diagnoses in those with elevated measures of HAA	–	–	–	–	–	Some cases identified on death certificates	Some cases identified on death certificates	Some cases identified on autopsy
Mortality
Risk of death	Increased mortality in those with elevated measures of HAA	–	RR 1.6* (also increased in those with increased quantitative interstitial changes)	–	RR 2.2*	RR 1.4*	RR>4.0*	RR 1.3	RR 2.1
Absolute mortality	–	–	10% ~5 years	–	7% ~4 years	11% ~3 years	97% ~12 years	56% ~9 years	37% ~28 days

†MESA: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis—lung study. Data in the MESA column refer to Lederer et al,¹² Podolanczuk et al ¹⁹ and Podolanczuk et al.⁴¹ The range of values noted in the column refers to the differences in expected prevalence depending on the threshold of high attenuation areas used to define ILA.

‡Nagano, Japan: Subjects participating in a health screening programme from Nagano Prefecture, Japan. Data refer to Tsushima et al.²³

§COPDGene: Data in the COPDGene column refer to Washko et al,¹³ Putman et al ⁴² and Ash et al.³⁴

¶MILD: The Multicentric Italian Lung Detection trial. Data in the MILD column refer to Sverzellati et al.¹⁸ Estimates of prevalence, frequency and median values refer to those with interstitial abnormalities but limited to either a usual interstitial pneumonia or another chronic interstitial pneumonia pattern on chest CT.

**FHS: Framingham Heart Study. Data in the FHS column refer to Hunninghake et al,¹⁴ Putman et al ⁴² and Araki et al.⁴⁰

††ECLIPSE: Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints. Data in the ECLIPSE column refer to Putman et al.⁴²

‡‡ NLST: National Lung Screening Trial. Data in the NLST column refer to Jin et al ¹⁶ and Pompe et al.⁴⁴

§§AGES-Reykjavik: Age Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik study. Data in the AGES-Reykjavik column refer to Putman et al.⁴²

¶¶ BWH RoCI: Brigham and Women’s Hospital Registry of Critical Illness cohort. Data in the BWH RoCI column refer to Putman et al. ⁴³

ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; HAA, high attenuation areas (of the lung); ICU, intensive care unit; PF, pulmonary fibrosis; SIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome.