Table 4.

p-Values for the model interaction term maternal smoking x placental cadmium concentration on measures of placental growth and functioning.

Model Stratification	Placenta weight (g)	Placenta Efficiency	Chorionic Disc Area
None	0.0154	0.0024	0.4145
Infant Sex:
Female	0.0093	0.0016	0.294
Male	0.8747	0.5218	0.9133
Median Zn:
Below	0.302	0.1073	0.8931
Above	0.001	0.0011	0.0436
Infant sex and Zn:
Female, below	0.4197	0.1686	0.9785
Female, above	0.0008	0.0005	0.0253
Male, below	0.5141	0.3215	0.5932
Male, above	0.9276	0.7789	0.6361
Median Se:
Below	0.997	0.2382	0.2071
Above	0.0069	0.0046	0.1814
Infant sex and Se:
Female, below	0.2686	0.071	0.0386
Female, above	0.0027	0.4267	0.0567
Male, below	0.2816	0.2608	0.8229
Male, above	0.9189	0.388	0.5632

Placental weight data was missing for 164 participants, and measures of maximum placental diameter were missing for 163 participants, measures of minimum and maximum placental diameter were missing for 166 participants and birthweight measures were missing for 21 participants