Table 2.

Technical and scale efficiency scores of the health systems in Asian countries

Country name	CRS technical efficiency	VRS technical efficiency	Scale efficiency	Returns to scale
Afghanistan	0.724	0.812	0.891	1
Armenia	0.769	0.946	0.813	−1
Azerbaijan	0.660	0.902	0.732	−1
Bahrain	0.714	0.910	0.784	−1
Bangladesh	1.000	1.000	1.000	0
Bhutan	0.775	0.903	0.858	1
Brunei Darussalam	0.708	0.920	0.769	−1
Cambodia	0.805	0.916	0.879	1
China	0.806	0.975	0.826	−1
Cyprus	1.000	1.000	1.000	0
Georgia	0.751	0.923	0.813	−1
India	0.778	0.892	0.872	1
Indonesia	0.746	0.904	0.826	1
Iran	0.678	0.900	0.754	−1
Iraq	0.683	0.850	0.803	1
Israel	0.874	0.967	0.904	−1
Japan	1.000	1.000	1.000	0
Jordan	0.743	0.943	0.789	−1
Kazakhstan	0.695	0.882	0.788	1
South Korea	0.886	0.972	0.911	−1
Kuwait	0.674	0.885	0.762	−1
Kyrgyz Republic	0.806	0.941	0.856	1
Laos	0.818	0.889	0.920	1
Lebanon	0.746	0.910	0.820	1
Malaysia	0.778	0.927	0.839	1
Maldives	0.730	0.944	0.773	−1
Mongolia	0.737	0.896	0.823	1
Myanmar	0.743	0.872	0.852	1
Nepal	0.861	0.932	0.924	1
Oman	0.692	0.896	0.772	−1
Pakistan	0.827	0.889	0.930	1
Philippines	0.779	0.916	0.850	1
Qatar	0.677	0.903	0.749	−1
Saudi Arabia	0.624	0.871	0.716	−1
Singapore	1.000	1.000	1.000	0
Sri Lanka	0.904	0.985	0.917	−1
Syria	0.818	0.848	0.964	1
Tajikistan	0.856	0.964	0.888	−1
Thailand	0.791	0.956	0.828	−1
Timor-Leste	0.823	0.903	0.912	1
Turkey	0.710	0.916	0.776	−1
Turkmenistan	0.639	0.859	0.743	1
United Arab Emirates	0.691	0.889	0.777	1
Uzbekistan	0.784	0.947	0.828	−1
Vietnam	0.845	0.996	0.849	−1
Yemen	0.727	0.826	0.881	1

Mean (95% CI)	0.780 (0.752 to 0.808)	0.919 (0.905 to 0.933)	0.847 (0.824 to 0.87)	–
Median	0.772	0.913	0.834	–
Minimum	0.624	0.812	0.716	–
Maximum	1	1	1	–

CRS, constant returns to scale; VRS, variable returns to scale.