Table 3.

Analyses of risk factors for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in patients with and without depressive disorders

Predictive variables	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	HR (95% CI)	P value	HR (95% CI)	P value
Depressive disorders	1.79 (1.26 to 2.56)	<0.001	1.55 (1.08 to 2.23)	0.019
Age, years (≥65 = 1, <65 = 0)	1.69 (1.07 t o 2.66)	0.002
Sex (female=1, male=0)	1.29 (0.91 to 1.82)	0.158
Comorbidities
Hypertension	1.91 (1.30 to 2.81)	<0.001
Diabetes mellitus	1.36 (0.80 to 2.32)	0.261
Dyslipidemia	2.15 (1.42 to 3.27)	<0.001	1.78 (1.15 to 2.75)	0.010
Coronary artery disease	5.06 (1.87 to 13.67)	<0.001	3.29 (1.18 to 9.17)	0.023
Hyperthyroidism	2.90 (1.48 to 5.70)	0.002	2.46 (1.24 to 4.87)	0.010
Hypothyroidism	1.26 (0.18 to 9.02)	0.817
Cerebrovascular disease	3.23 (1.83 to 5.71)	<0.001	2.24 (1.21 to 4.15)	0.010
Systemic lupus erythematosus	2.44 (0.90 to 6.60)	0.079
Degree of urbanisation
Urban	Reference
Suburban	1.10 (0.77 to 1.57)	0.606
Rural	4.38 (0.18 to 1.08)	0.072
Income group
Low income	Reference
Medium income	0.98 (0.69 to 1.38)	0.886
High income	0.65 (0.37 to 1.14)	0.133