Table 3.
Type of intervention content and number of interventions effective for each outcome (n=9 studies)
| Psychoeducation | CBT | SFT | SFBT | DBT | ||||||
| Better | Worse | Better | Worse | Better | Worse | Better | Worse | Better | Worse | |
| Disturbance | n/a | n/a | 2 (1) | 0 | n/a | n/a | 2 | 0 | n/a | n/a |
| Quality of life | 0 | 3 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 2 | 0 | n/a | n/a |
| Recovery | 2 | 1 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 2 | 2 | n/a | n/a |
| Therapeutic relationship | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 2 | 0 | n/a | n/a |
| Satisfaction | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 0 | 0 | n/a | n/a |
| Seclusion | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 1 | 0 | n/a | n/a |
| Symptoms | 11 (1) | 1 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 0 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Ward environment | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 2 | 4 (1) | n/a | n/a |
| Violence/risk | 1 | 0 | 13 (2) | 11 (1) | 3 | 5 (1) | 1 | 0 | 7 | 1 |
The values in parentheses record the number of statistically signficant differences.
CBT, cognitive–behavioural therapy; DBT, dialectical behaviour therapy; n/a, not applicable as no comparison undertaken; SFBT, solution-focused brief therapy; SFT, schema-focused therapy.