Table 3.

Risk ratios for different biopsy outcomes compared with a benign biopsy by pre-index PSA value and PSA testing intervals using 1-year testing interval as baseline

Outcome	Pre-index PSA value	Screening interval
		2 versus 1 year	3 versus 1 year	4 versus 1 year	5–8 versus 1 year
Gleason score 6	0–1	0.7 (0.3 to 1.6)	1.6 (0.7 to 3.5)	1.1 (0.4 to 2.9)	1.8 (0.9 to 3.5)
	1–3	1.2 (1 to 1.4)	1.2 (1 to 1.5)	1 (0.8 to 1.3)	1.5 (1.2 to 1.8)
	3–5	1.1 (0.9 to 1.3)	1.2 (1 to 1.5)	0.8 (0.6 to 1.1)	1.2 (0.9 to 1.5)
	5–10	1.1 (0.9 to 1.4)	1 (0.7 to 1.5)	1 (0.7 to 1.6)	1 (0.7 to 1.6)
Gleason score ≥7	0–1	0.6 (0.2 to 1.9)	0.7 (0.2 to 3.3)	0.9 (0.2 to 4.1)	2.8 (1.3 to 6.3)
	1–3	1.3 (1.1 to 1.7)	1.7 (1.3 to 2.2)	1.8 (1.4 to 2.4)	2.5 (2 to 3.1)
	3–5	1.3 (1.1 to 1.7)	1.7 (1.3 to 2.2)	1.8 (1.4 to 2.4)	2.5 (2 to 3.1)
	5–10	1.4 (1.2 to 1.7)	1.2 (0.9 to 1.5)	1.7 (1.3 to 2.2)	1.6 (1.3 to 2.1)

95% CIs in parenthesis.

PSA, prostate-specific antigen.