Table 4.
Factors affecting the risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma according to the age
| Variable | Age ≤64 | Age ≥65 | ||
| Crude | Adjusted† | Crude | Adjusted† | |
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Hypertension | 1.77 (1.57 to 2.00)*** | 1.15 (0.99 to 1.34) | 1.35 (1.20 to 1.51)*** | 1.10 (0.97 to 1.25) |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 1.79 (1.54 to 2.08)*** | 1.00 (0.83 to 1.21) | 1.23 (0.11 to 1.36)*** | 0.95 (0.84 to 1.07) |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 1.81 (1.60 to 2.06)*** | 1.20 (1.03 to 1.40)* | 1.28 (1.15 to 1.41)*** | 1.04 (0.92 to 1.16) |
| Congestive heart failure | 1.75 (1.24 to 2.48)*** | 0.96 (0.64 to 1.44) | 0.89 (0.74 to 1.06) | – |
| Cardiac arrhythmias | 1.49 (1.22 to 1.83)*** | 1.01 (0.80 to 1.28) | 1.14 (1.01 to 1.29)* | 0.92 (0.80 to 1.06) |
| Peripheral vascular disorders | 1.65 (1.14 to 2.40)*** | 0.84 (0.55 to 1.28) | 1.40 (1.16 to 1.68)*** | 1.13 (0.93 to 1.38) |
| Stroke | 1.40 (0.99 to 1.96) | – | 0.92 (0.78 to 1.08) | – |
| Headaches | 1.48 (1.31 to 1.67)*** | 1.14 (1.00 to 1.30) | 1.20 (1.09 to 1.33)*** | 1.04 (0.93 to 1.16) |
| Migraine | 1.13 (0.83 to 1.52) | – | 1.08 (0.83 to 1.42) | – |
| Epilepsy | 1.17 (0.61 to 2.24) | – | 0.70 (0.42 to 1.15) | – |
| Dementia | 2.46 (1.16 to 5.21)*** | 1.31 (0.57 to 3.05) | 0.92 (0.73 to 1.15) | – |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 1.26 (0.50 to 3.17) | – | 0.77 (0.30 to 2.00) | – |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | 2.01 (0.18 to 22.1) | – | 1.33 (0.27 to 6.61) | – |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 1.60 (1.33 to 1.93)*** | 1.08 (0.87 to 1.34) | 1.09 (0.97 to 1.22) | – |
| Asthma | 1.42 (1.15 to 1.76)*** | 1.00 (0.78 to 1.28) | 1.08 (0.94 to 1.25) | – |
| Pulmonary circulation disorders | 1.72 (0.66 to 4.48) | – | 1.13 (0.69 to 1.86) | – |
| Diabetes | 1.92 (1.63 to 2.25)*** | 1.08 (0.89 to 1.31) | 1.21 (1.08 to 1.37)** | 0.96 (0.84 to 1.09) |
| Hypothyroidism | 1.28 (0.71 to 2.30) | – | 1.34 (0.81 to 2.19) | – |
| Renal failure | 1.82 (1.48 to 2.24)*** | 1.08 (0.85 to 1.37) | 1.13 (0.99 to 1.30) | – |
| Liver diseases | 1.64 (1.43 to 1.87)*** | 1.12 (0.96 to 1.31) | 1.26 (1.13 to 1.42)*** | 1.02 (0.90 to 1.16) |
| Peptic ulcers | 1.70 (1.50 to 1.92)*** | 1.21 (1.05 to 1.40)** | 1.32 (1.19 to 1.45)*** | 1.06 (0.95 to 1.19) |
| Hepatitis B | 1.06 (0.83 to 1.35) | – | 1.37 (1.08 to 1.73)*** | 1.20 (0.93 to 1.54) |
| Tuberculosis | 1.08 (0.64 to 1.82) | – | 1.21 (0.92 to 1.59) | – |
| Deficiency anaemia | 1.36 (0.95 to 1.92) | – | 1.13 (0.86 to 1.47) | – |
| Depression | 1.78 (1.45 to 2.20)*** | 1.18 (0.93 to 1.50) | 1.31 (1.10 to 1.55)** | 1.01 (0.85 to 1.21) |
| Psychosis | 1.27 (0.95 to 1.69) | – | 1.14 (0.90 to 1.45) | – |
| Metastatic cancer | – | – | – | – |
| Solid tumour | 1.16 (0.83 to 1.60) | – | 1.25 (1.02 to 1.51)* | 1.15 (0.94 to 1.41) |
| Cataract | 6.95 (6.00 to 8.05)*** | 5.91 (5.07 to 6.90)*** | 5.18 (4.56 to 5.87)*** | 5.07 (4.46 to 5.77)*** |
*p<0.05; **p<0.01; ****p<0.001.
†Covariables which were significantly associated with risk of PACG in univariable unconditional logistic regression model were further analysed by multivariable unconditional logistic regression model.