Table 1.
IPE occasions as experienced by students during the most recent clinical rotation
| Never | Only a little | To some extent | Always | P value* | |
| n=666 | n=3248 (33.8%) | n=3653 (38.0%) | n=2040 | ||
| −6.90% | −21.30% | ||||
| Individual level | |||||
| Age, years, mean (95% CI) | 23.2 (23 to 23.7) | 22.9 (22.7 to 23.0) | 22.79 (22.7 to 22.9) | 23.0 (22.8 to 23.2) | 0.015 |
| Female (n=9596), n (%) | 531 (80.0) | 2561 (78.9) | 2732 (74.9) | 1479 (72.6) | <0.001 |
| Civil status, n (%) | |||||
| Unmarried | 629 (94.4) | 3047 (93.8) | 3460 (94.7) | 1909 (93.6) | 0.032 |
| Married/cohabitant | 26 (3.9) | 164 (5.0) | 138 (3.8) | 107 (5.3) | |
| Divorced | 3 (0.5) | 110 (0.4) | 14 (0.4) | 9 (0.4) | |
| Widowed | 2 (0.3) | 1 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 3 (0.1) | |
| Missing | 6 (0.9) | 25 (0.8) | 40 (1.1) | 12 (0.6) | |
| With children, n (%) | 26 (3.9) | 138 (4.3) | 174 (4.8) | 90 (4.5) | 0.636 |
| Secondary education (n=9442), n (%) | |||||
| High school | 450 (68.2) | 2260 (70.8) | 2507 (69.9) | 1414 (70.3) | 0.287 |
| Technical school | 25 (3.8) | 149 (4.7) | 160 (4.5) | 76 (3.8) | |
| Professional school | 112 (17.0) | 490 (15.4) | 596 (16.6) | 320 (15.9) | |
| Teacher school | 58 (8.8) | 256 (8.0) | 282 (7.9) | 172 (8.6) | |
| Secondary school abroad | 15 (2.2) | 34 (1.1) | 39 (1.1) | 28 (1.4) | |
| Academic year attended (n=9579), n (%) | |||||
| First | 183 (27.5) | 1008 (31.2) | 1123 (30.8) | 595 (29.3) | <0.001 |
| Second | 249 (37.5) | 1149 (35.5) | 1251 (34.3) | 633 (31.1) | |
| Third | 233 (35.0) | 1078 (33.3) | 1272 (34.9) | 805 (39.6) | |
| Academic experience (n=9515), n (%) | |||||
| None | 428 (64.5) | 2235 (69.3) | 2538 (70.2) | 1386 (68.9) | 0.224 |
| Graduated in other fields | 38 (5.7) | 130 (4.0) | 154 (4.3) | 98 (4.9) | |
| Uncompleted degree | 191 (28.9) | 829 (25.7) | 894 (24.7) | 512 (25.4) | |
| Other | 5 (0.8) | 31 (1.0) | 30 (0.8) | 16 (0.8) | |
| Previous work experience (n=9553), n (%) | 248 (37.6) | 1059 (32.8) | 1254 (34.5) | 740 (36.4) | 0.017 |
| Work experience during the degree (n=9526), n (%) | 147 (22.2) | 629 (19.6) | 709 (19.6) | 457 (22.6) | 0.016 |
| Previous clinical rotations (n=9498), number, mean (95% CI) | 5.05 (4.80 to 5.31) | 4.85 (4.74 to 4.97) | 4.87 (4.77 to 4.98) | 5.01 (4.87 to 5.14) | 0.216 |
| Setting (n=9551), n (%) | |||||
| Only hospital | 479 (72.1) | 2249 (69.6) | 1478 (68.3) | 1300 (64.1) | <0.001 |
| Only community setting | 10 (1.5) | 53 (1.6) | 51 (1.4) | 39 (1.9) | |
| Hospital and community | 175 (26.4) | 932 (28.8) | 1097 (30.3) | 688 (34.0) | |
| Length of the most recent clinical rotation, weeks, mean (95% CI)† | 5.75 (5.52 to 5.98) | 5.74 (5.64 to 5.83) | 5.78 (5.69 to 5.86) | 5.99 (5.88 to 6.10) | 0.007 |
| Tutorial model of the most recent clinical rotation (n=9563), n (%)† I was supervised by | |||||
| A clinical nurse | 278 (42.1) | 1570 (48.6) | 1999 (54.9) | 1249 (61.5) | < 0.001 |
| The nursing staff | 335 (50.8) | 1436 (44.4) | 1386 (38.1) | 647 (31.9) | |
| A nurse identified daily by the head nurse | 6 (0.9) | 37 (1.1) | 29 (0.8) | 21 (1.0) | |
| A nurse teacher | 33 (5.0) | 140 (4.3) | 160 (4.4) | 72 (3.6) | |
| The head nurse | 8 (1.2) | 50 (1.6) | 66 (1.8) | 41 (2.0) | |
| Degree competence learnt in the most recent clinical rotation, (n=9577), mean (95% CI)†‡ | 1.50 (1.45 to 1.56) | 1.83 (1.80 to 1.85) | 2.15 (2.13 to 2.17) | 2.50 (2.49 to 2.54) | < 0.001 |
| CLEQI factor scores, mean (95% CI)†‡ | |||||
| Tutorial strategies quality | 1.31 (1.25to 2.37) | 1.71 (1.68 to 1.73) | 2.04 (2.02 to 2.06) | 2.48 (2.45 to 2.50) | <0.001 |
| Learning opportunities | 1.40 (1.35 to 1.46) | 1.71 (1.69 to 1.73) | 2.02 (2.01 to 2.04) | 2.46 (2.44 to 2.49) | <0.001 |
| Self-directed learning | 0.83 (0.78 to 0.89) | 1.24 (1.21 to 1.26) | 1.57 (1.55 to 1.59) | 2.03 (2.00 to 2.06) | <0.001 |
| Safety and nursing care quality | 1.58 (1.53 to 1.63) | 1.86 (1.84 to 1.88) | 2.12 (2.10 to 2.13) | 2.50 (2.48 to 2.52) | <0.001 |
| Quality of the learning environment | 1.33 (1.27 to 1.39) | 1.76 (1.73 to 1.78) | 2.11 (2.09 to 2.14) | 2.50 (2.48 to 2.53) | <0.001 |
| Overall CLEQI score†‡ | 1.29 (1.24 to 1.34) | 1.66 (1.64 to 1.68) | 1.98 (1.96 to 1.99) | 2.40 (2.38 to 2.42) | <0.001 |
| Regional level (n) | <0.001 | ||||
| Region 1 (701) | 29 (4.1) | 208 (29.7) | 297 (42.4) | 167 (23.8) | |
| Region 2 (469) | 4 (0.9) | 78 (16.6) | 194 (41.4) | 193 (41.1) | |
| Region 3 (943) | 66 (7.0) | 231 (24.5) | 397 (42.1) | 249 (26.4) | |
| Region 4 (2000) | 129 (6.4) | 720 (36.0) | 745 (37.3) | 406 (20.3) | |
| Region 5 (54) | 2 (3.7) | 17 (31.5) | 20 (37.0) | 15 (27.8) | |
| Region 6 (1094) | 66 (6.0) | 364 (33.3) | 426 (38.9) | 238 (21.8) | |
| Region 7 (1256) | 72 (5.7) | 398 (31.7) | 482 (38.4) | 304 (24.2) | |
| Region 8 (626) | 51 (8.2) | 193 (30.8) | 262 (41.8) | 120 (19.2) | |
| Region 9 (179) | 14 (7.8) | 57 (31.8) | 71 (39.7) | 37 (20.7) | |
| Region 10 (977) | 86 (8.8) | 412 (42.2) | 332 (34.0) | 147 (15.0) | |
| Region 11 (166) | 18 (10.8) | 75 (45.2) | 53 (31.9) | 20 (12.1) | |
| Region 12 (207) | 25 (12.1) | 96 (46.4) | 68 (32.8) | 18 (8.7) | |
| Region 13 (169) | 21 (12.4) | 67 (39.6) | 64 (37.9) | 17 (10.1) | |
| Region 14 (407) | 48 (11.8) | 137 (33.7) | 151 (37.1) | 71 (17.4) | |
| Region 15 (269) | 35 (13.0) | 105 (39.1) | 91 (33.8) | 38 (14.1) |
*χ2 for dichotomous variables, analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables.
†The more recent clinical experience was that under evaluation.
‡On a 4-point Likert scale (0 = ‘nothing’; 3 = ‘very much’).
CLEQI, Clinical Learning Quality Evaluation Index; IPE, interprofessional educational experience.