Table 5.
Factors associated with death among hospitalised children with severe pneumonia
| Factors | RSV AOR (95% CI) |
RV AOR (95% CI) |
ADV AOR (95% CI) |
EV AOR (95% CI) |
Bacteria AOR (95% CI) |
Negative for viruses AOR (95% CI) |
| Grunting | 1.00 (0.71 to 1.43) | 0.91 (0.63 to 1.32) | – | 2.79 (1.81 to 4.31) | 0.91 (0.47 to 1.79) | 4.36 (1.91 to 9.98) |
| Sensorial changes | 2.11 (1.74 to 2.57) | 1.19 (0.92 to 1.53) | 1.09 (0.87 to 1.35) | 1.46 (1.13 to 1.89) | 2.11 (1.41 to 3.17) | 0.78 (0.69 to 0.87) |
| Central cyanosis | 1.21 (1.02 to 1.45) | 1.62 (1.2 to 2.19) | 1.25 (0.84 to 1.88) | 1.27 (0.91 to 1.76) | 1.61 (0.66 to 3.91) | 0.81 (0.61 to 1.08) |
| Alar flaring | 1.04 (0.98 to 1.11) | 1.01 (0.91 to 1.13) | 0.99 (0.79 to 1.25) | 1.79 (0.96 to 3.33) | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.73) | 1.07 (0.94 to 1.23) |
| Decreased breath sound | 0.90 (0.71 to 1.15) | 1.46 (0.97 to 2.2) | 0.87 (0.54 to 1.40) | 0.94 (0.67 to 1.33) | 0.68 (0.29 to 1.61) | 1.57 (1.05 to 2.35) |
| Wheezing | 0.99 (0.89 to 1.10) | 1.12 (0.96 to 1.3) | 1.01 (0.84 to 1.19) | 8.27 (2.83 to 24.15) | 1.04 (0.79 to 1.39) | 1.18 (0.98 to 1.42) |
| Fever (>38.5°C) | 1.16 (0.96 to 1.4) | 1.95 (1.51 to 2.51) | 6.30 (1.57 to 25.21) | 7.07 (2.44 to 20.48) | 9.48 (1.91 to 47.0) | 1.57 (1.22 to 2.03) |
| Tachypnoea | 0.99 (0.88 to 1.1) | 1.04 (0.91 to 1.2) | – | – | 7.4 (1.06 to 51.67) | 1.01 (0.85 to 1.18) |
| Tachycardia | 1.16 (1.02 to 1.33) | 1.07 (0.89 to 1.28) | 1.41 (0.30 to 6.48) | 2.55 (1.10 to 5.89) | 0.1 (0.01 to 0.81) | 0.82 (0.65 to 1.02) |
| SpO2 <90% | 1.27 (1.14 to 1.4) | 1.29 (1.07 to 1.54) | 6.17 (1.49 to 25.42) | 1.12 (0.93 to 1.34) | 1.17 (0.79 to 1.75) | 0.95 (0.78 to 1.14) |
| Severe anaemia (<80g/dL) | 0.86 (0.48 to 1.51) | 0.68 (0.38 to 1.2) | – | – | 2.58 (1.51 to 4.4) | 5.71 (2.92 to 11.17) |
| Consolidation | 1.02 (0.9 to 1.16) | 1.13 (0.94 to 1.37) | 6.69 (2.11 to 21.22) | 1.53 (1.29 to 1.82) | 0.97 (0.69 to 1.35) | 2.2 (1.69 to 2.88) |
| Infiltration | 1.13 (1.03 to 1.23) | 1.07 (0.92 to 1.24) | 6.22 (1.98 to 19.51) | 1.17 (1.03 to 1.34) | 7.84 (1.4 to 44.0) | 1.13 (0.98 to 1.32) |
| Pleural effusion | – | 1.33 (1.18 to 1.51) | 0.93 (0.57 to 1.50) | 0.97 (0.56 to 1.71) | 1.05 (0.59 to 1.84) | 2.05 (1.07 to 3.95) |
Multivariate logistic models were matched with age groups and adjusted by patients age, year of sampling and hospitals.
ADV, adenovirus; AOR, adjusted OR; EV, enterovirus; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; RV, rhinovirus.