Table 4.

Associations (mean difference or OR) between a number of maltreatments and cardiometabolic markers at 45y

	Number of maltreatments Per increase*
Mean difference (95% CI)†
BMI (kg/m2)	0.33(0.17 to 0.49)
Waist circumference (cm)
Males	0.23 (−0.33 to 0.79)
Females	1.14(0.57 to 1.71)
Blood pressure
SBP (mmHg)	−0.10 (−0.61 to 0.41)
DBP (mmHg)	0.18 (−0.17 to 0.53)
Blood lipids
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	0.02 (−0.02 to 0.06)
HDL-c (mmol/L)
Males	−0.01 (−0.03 to 0.01)
Females	−0.04 (−0.06 to –0.02)
LDL-c	0.03 (–0.01 to 0.07)
Triglycerides‡ (%)	2.2 (0.0 to 4.4)
HbA1c‡ (%)	0.8 (0.4 to 1.3)
OR (95% CI) for elevated levels§
General obesity	1.13 (1.05 to 1.21)
Central obesity	1.12 (1.05 to 1.20)
Hypertension	1.01 (0.94 to 1.09)
HDL-c	1.11(1.01 to 1.21)
LDL-c	1.05 (0.97 to 1.15)
Triglycerides	1.10(1.01 to 1.20)
HbA1c	1.16 (0.99 to 1.36)
Metabolic syndrome	1.10 (0.96 to 1.26)

NB: analyses are for genders combined except where p≤0.05 for gender*maltreatment interaction where analyses are for males and females separately. Estimates that reached significance with p<0.05 were bold-faced.

See also online supplementary table S3.

*Mean difference or OR estimated from model adjusted for gender, factors affecting measurement (for BP: measured room temperature; for lipids and HBA_1c: examination month, time of blood collection, postal delay of blood sample and time since last meal and for females: oral contraception and HRT), family history of diabetes (for HbA_1c, diabetes), and early-life factors, including birth weight for gestational age, social class at birth, housing tenure and crowding at 7y.

†All cardiometabolic markers (continuous measures) were adjusted for medication. For binary outcomes (hypertension, dyslipidemia or T2 diabetes), those on medication were in risk groups.

‡Log transformed and converted to per cent (NB: for HbA_1c the parameters are per cent of the units [%]).

§Details of risk groups in table 1.