Table 3.
ED Visits Due to Nonmedical Use of Pharmaceuticals, by Clinical Manifestation, 2016a
| Clinical manifestationb | Annual estimate (2016) | |
|---|---|---|
| n | % (95% CI) | |
| Unresponsive or cardiorespiratory failure | 81,057 | 22.6 (16.3, 29.0) |
| Severe allergic reaction | 1,847 | 0.5 (0.2, 0.8) |
| Altered mental status | 126,865 | 35.4 (30.8, 40.0) |
| Injection-related infection/reaction | 7,889 | 2.2 (0.5, 3.9) |
| Fall/injury | 8,727 | 2.4 (2.0, 2.9) |
| Presyncope/syncope/dyspnea | 14,931 | 4.2 (3.2, 5.2) |
| Psychiatric or other central nervous system effect | 20,380 | 5.7 (4.1, 7.3) |
| Cardiovascular effect | 8,006 | 2.2 (1.6, 2.9) |
| Mild-to-moderate allergic reaction | 2,430 | 0.7 (0.4, 1.0) |
| Gastrointestinal effect | 9,498 | 2.7 (1.7, 3.6) |
| Other/unspecified effect | 76,618 | 21.4 (16.5, 26.3) |
| Total | 358,247 | 100 (N/A) |
a
Estimates are from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System–Cooperative Adverse Drug Event Surveillance project, CDC.
b
Clinical manifestations were categorized in a mutually exclusive and hierarchical manner (e.g., a case involving depressed consciousness and nausea would be classified as altered mental status based on the depressed consciousness).
ED, emergency department; N/A, not applicable.