Table 4.

Applications involving with AHLs degradation by anti-QS agents. 3-oxo-C12, N-3-oxododecanoyl-HSL; AHL, N-acyl-homoserine lactones; C4‐LHL, butenyl homoserine lactones; C6‐LHL, hexanoyl homoserine lactones.

Objectives	Strains	Anti-QS agents	Target	Effects	Ref
Tilapia	Aeromonas hydrophila	AHL lactonase AIO6	Degradation of the acyl-homoserine lactones	Maintained the microvilli length in the foregut of tilapia, but significantly lower than those of the control.	[79]
Shrimp and clam	Vibrionaceae strains	Deletion of AHLs genes in 34 marine Vibrionaceae strains	Acyl-homoserine lactones inactivation	Reduced virulence and mortality of the mutant strains in brine shrimp and Manila clam.	[80]
Shrimp	Vibrio parahaemolyticus	AHL-lactonase (AiiA)	Degradation of the acyl-homoserine lactones	Inhibited vibrio biofilm development and attenuated infection and mortality. Reduce vibrio viable counts and biofilm development in the intestine.	[81]
Enzyme multilayer coatings	Chromobacterium violaceum CECT 5999, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145	Acylase from Aspergillus melleus	Degradation of C6‐LHL	Inhibited 50% violacein production by Chromobacterium violaceum CECT 5999; Reduces the Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145 biofilm formation under static and dynamic conditions.	[86]
Acylase‐containing polyurethane coatings	Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145 and PAO1	Acylase from Aspergillus melleus	Degradation of C4‐LHL, C6‐LHL, and 3‐oxo‐C12‐LHL	Immobilization of acylase led to an approximately 60% reduction in biofilm formation, reduce the secretion of pyocyanin.	[87]
Immobilization on Nanofibers	Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1	Acylase (EC.3.5.1.14)	Degradation of AHL inducers	Reduced the biofilm/biofouling formation under static and continuous flow conditions.	[88]