Table 1.
Demographic, clinical and biological characteristics of the SLE cohort at baseline
| Characteristics | SLE cohort (N = 87) |
|---|---|
| Age (years), median [IQR] | 44.3 [33.2, 56.4] |
| Female, n (%) | 77 (89%) |
| Asian ethnicity, n (%) | 49 (56%) |
| Disease duration (years), median [IQR] | 7 [3.8, 14.8] |
| SLEDAI‐2K, median [IQR] | 4 [2, 6] |
| SLEDAI‐2K > 4, n (%) | 31 (36%) |
| Organ‐specific manifestationsa | n (%) |
| Fever | 0 (0%) |
| Neurological | 1 (1%) |
| Renal | 19 (22%) |
| Mucocutaneous | 18 (21%) |
| Musculoskeletal | 7 (8%) |
| Serosal | 2 (2%) |
| Vascular | 0 (0%) |
| Serological | 63 (72%) |
| Haematological | 3 (3%) |
| Flareb, n (%) | 22 (25%) |
| SLICC‐SDI, median [IQR] | 1 [0, 2] |
| SLICC‐SDI > 0, n (%) | 54 (62%) |
| Treatment | n (%) |
| Prednisone | 50 (57%) |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 74 (85%) |
| Immunosuppressantsc | 44 (51%) |
| Clinical laboratory data | |
| CRP (mg L−1), median [IQR] | 1.5 [0.6, 3.5] |
| ESR (mm h−1), median [IQR] | 15 [8, 27] |
| UPCR (g mmol−1), median [IQR] | 0.02 [0.01, 0.05] |
| Proteinuriad, n (%) | 17 (20%) |
| C3 (g L−1), mean (SD) | 0.85 (0.26) |
| C4 (g L−1), mean (SD) | 0.17 (0.08) |
| ANA +ve (> 1280), n (%) | 67 (81%) |
| Anti‐dsDNA +ve, n (%) | 49 (56%) |
| Anti‐Sm Ab +ve, n (%) | 20 (24%) |
Data are expressed as mean (SD), median [IQR] or as number (percentage).
Ab, antibody; ANA, antinuclear antibody; C3, complement component 3; C4, complement component 4; CRP, C‐reactive protein; dsDNA, double‐stranded deoxyribonucleic acid; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SLEDAI‐2K, SLE Disease Activity Index 2000; SLICC‐SDI, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics‐SLE Damage Index; Sm, Smith; UPCR, urine protein/creatinine ratio.
Individual organ domain disease activity was assessed by the SLEDAI‐2K score.
Encompasses mild, moderate and severe flares.
Immunosuppressants include methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, mycophenolate acid, leflunomide, cyclosporine A and/or cyclophosphamide.
Proteinuria defined if UPCR > 0.05 g mmol−1.