Table 5.
Association between annual involuntary hospitalisation rates and demographic, economic, and health-care provision variables, by legislative topic
|
Summary statistics |
Association with annual involuntary hospitalisation rates |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Median (IQR)* | Estimate (95% CI)† | p value | |
| Inpatient psychiatric beds per 100 000 individuals | 63·8 (46·1–93·0) | 0·65 (0·10 to 1·20) | 0·021 |
| Foreign-born population | 12·7% (11·1–16·1) | 7·32% (0·44 to 14·19) | 0·037 |
| GDP per capita PPP (US$1000) | 1·7 (36·1–47·9) | 1·84 (0·30 to 3·38) | 0·019 |
| Inequality (Gini coefficient) | 0·3 (0·27–0·33) | −67·9 (−656·7 to 520·8) | 0·82 |
| Relative poverty | 0·1% (0·08–0·12) | −118·7% (−834·4 to 597·0) | 0·74 |
| Urbanisation | 79·2% (69·0–86·1) | 4·43% (−2·85 to 11·70) | 0·23 |
| Health-care spending per capita (US$1000) | 4·2 (3·25–5·97) | 15·92 (3·34 to 28·49) | 0·013 |
| Absolute poverty | 0·5% (0·20–1·20) | −11·5% (−22·6 to −0·3) | 0·044 |
| BAME population | 4·10% (3·00–5·90) | −2·79% (−8·13 to 2·55) | 0·31 |
| Mental health clinicians per 100 000 individuals | 83·7 (26·1–113·7) | 0·44 (−0·07 to 0·95) | 0·083 |
GDP=gross domestic product. PPP=purchasing power parity. BAME=black and minority ethnic.
*
For each measure, the mean within each country was calculated using values from each available year and then summarised across countries using the median and IQR.
†
Estimated change in the annual incidence of involuntary hospitalisation (per 100 000 people) per unit increase in the predictor variable.