Table 3.
Risk factors for sudden cardiac death post myocardial infarction
| Risk factor studied | Relative risk of SCD | P value | Absolute SCD risk in cohort | Study size | Year | Country |
| Age | ||||||
| Rao et al[24] | OR 1.03 (1.00-1.05) (Increasing age) | 0.0163 | 4.9% in the 1st month post MI | 929 | 2012 | India |
| Mehta et al[25] | OR 0.12; Standard error = 0.02 (Age per 1 year increase) | 0.0001 | 2948 | 2001 | North America | |
| Abildstrom et al[26] | OR 1.56 (1.43–1.70) (Age per 10 years) | < 0.0001 | 5.3% at 1 year | 5983 | 2002 | Denmark |
| Female gender | ||||||
| Rao et al[24] | OR 1.78 (1.02-2.85) | 0.0042 | 4.9% in the 1st month post MI | 929 | 2012 | India |
| Greenland et al[27] | OR 1.72 (1.45-2.04) | < 0.0005 | 5839 | 1991 | Israel | |
| Greenland et al[27] | OR 1.32 (1.05-1.66) (Death at 1 year) | < 0.03 | 5839 | 1991 | Israel | |
| Ghaffari et al[28] | OR 1.76 (1.22–2.54) (univariate analysis) | 0.002 | 1017 | 2017 | Iran | |
| Ghaffari et al[28] | OR 1.19 (0.77–1.8) (multivariate analysis) | 0.407 | 1017 | 2017 | Iran | |
| Macintyre et al[29] | OR 1.09 (1.06 to 1.13) (Death at 1 year) | < 0.00001 | 201114 | 2001 | UK | |
| Male gender | ||||||
| Abildstrom et al[26] | OR 1.34 (1.11–1.63) | < 0.005 | 5.3% at 1 year | 5983 | 2002 | Denmark |
| LV dysfunction | ||||||
| Rao et al[24] | OR 2.35 (1.09-5.03) (Severe LV dysfunction ≤ 30%) | 0.0292 | 4.9% in the 1st month post MI | 929 | 2012 | India |
| Solomon et al[30] | HR 1.21 (1.10 to 1.30) (LV depression by each 5 percentage points) | 7% at 1 month post MI; 11% at 2 years post MI | 14609 | 2005 | North America, Europe and New Zealand | |
| Klem et al[31] | HR 6.30 (1.40-28.00) (LVEF > 30% and significant scarring > 5% on CMRI compared to no scarring) | 0.02 | 137 | 2012 | USA | |
| Klem et al[31] | HR 3.90 (1.20-13.10) (LVEF ≤ 30% and those with scar > 5% on CMRI compared to those with scarring) | 0.03 | 137 | 2012 | USA | |
| Yeung et al[32] | HR 3.60 (1.46–8.75) (LVEF ≤ 30%) | < 0.01 | 610 | 2012 | China | |
| Chitnis et al[33] | OR 4.51 (2.20–9.24) (LVEF ≤ 35%) | < 0.0001 | 4% in those with EF > 35% at 1 year post MI; 8% in those with EF≤ 35% at 1 year post MI | 929 | 2014 | India |
| Adabag et al[34] | HR 3.64 (1.71-7.75) (presence of heart failure based on the framingham criteria) | < 0.001 | 693 | 2008 | USA | |
| Right ventricular involvement | ||||||
| Mehta et al[25] | OR 3.20 (2.40-4.10) | < 0.00001 | 2948 | 2001 | Canada | |
| Diabetes | ||||||
| Yeung et al[32] | HR 1.90 (1.04–3.40) | 0.04 | 610 | 2012 | China | |
| Junttila et al[35] | HR 3.80 (2.40–5.80) | < 0.001 | 3276 | 2010 | Finland | |
| Ventricular arrythmia | ||||||
| Maggioni et al[36] | RR 2.24 (1.22-4.08) (more than 10 premature ventricular beats per hour) | 0.002 | 8676 | 1993 | Italy | |
| Maggioni et al[36] | RR 1.20 (0.80-1.79) (NSVT) | 8676 | 1993 | Italy | ||
| Mäkikallio et al[37] | HR 2.40 (1.30–4.40) (Ventricular premature complexes 10/h) | 0.0049 | 2130 | 2005 | Finland | |
| Mäkikallio et al[37] | HR 3.30 (1.70–6.50) (NSVT) | < 0.0005 | 2130 | 2005 | Finland | |
| ECG features | ||||||
| Mäkikallio et al[37] | HR 3.30 (1.70–6.50) (QRS ≥ 120 ms) | 0.0004 | 2130 | 2005 | Finland | |
| Zimetbaum et al[38] | HR 1.44 (1.11-1.88) (Non-specific intraventricular conduction delay) | 0.0069 | 1638 | 2004 | USA | |
| Zimetbaum et al[38] | HR 1.49 (1.02-2.17) (LBBB) | 0.0400 | 1638 | 2004 | USA | |
| Zimetbaum et al[38] | HR 1.35 (1.08-1.69) (LVH) | 0.0082 | 1638 | 2004 | USA | |
| Siscovick et al[39] | OR 1.40 (1.00-2.00) (LVH) | 0.02 | 688 | 1996 | USA | |
SCD: Sudden cardiac death; MI: Myocardial infarction; HR: Hazard ratio; OR: Odds ratio; LV: Left ventricular; EF: Ejection fraction.