Table 1.
Demographics, body composition and biochemical parameters and comparison amongst genders and obese vs non obese
| Description | Overall | Males | Females | P value | Overweight and obese (BMI > 23 kg/m2) | Non obese (BMI < 23 kg/m2) | P value |
| n | 167 | 74 | 93 | 76 (50% Females) | 91 (60.4% Females) | ||
| Anthropometric parameters | |||||||
| Median age (IQR) in yr | 20 (27-20) | 21(29-20) | 20(23-20) | 0.136 | 21 (35.5-20) | 20 (21-20) | < 0.01 |
| Mean height (SD) in cm | 168 (9.2) | 172 (8.2) | 164.8 (8.7) | < 0.01 | 167.9 (9.7) | 168.1 (8.8) | 0.837 |
| Mean weight (SD) in kg | 65.0 (4.4) | 70.2 (14.9) | 60.9 (12.6) | < 0.01 | 75.1 (14.1) | 56.6 (7.7) | < 0.01 |
| Mean BMI (SD) in kg/m2 | 23 (4.6) | 23.7 (5.1) | 23.7 (5.1) | 0.056 | 26.6 (4.3) | 19.9 (1.8) | < 0.01 |
| Mean waist circumference (SD) in cm | 79.1 (12.8) | 83.3 (13.3) | 75.7 (11.3) | < 0.01 | 86.9 (12.4) | 72.5 (8.8) | < 0.01 |
| Body composition | |||||||
| Mean total body fat % (SD) | 22.1 (8.7) | 19.7 (9.0) | 23.9 (8.0) | < 0.01 | 27.5 (7.5) | 17.5 (6.8) | < 0.01 |
| Under fat n (%) | 44 (26.3) | 5 (6.8) | 39 (41.9) | < 0.01 | 3 (3.9) | 41 (45) | < 0.01 |
| Healthy n (%) | 78 (46.7) | 38 (51.4) | 40 (43) | < 0.01 | 33 (43.4) | 45 (49.4) | < 0.01 |
| Over fat n (%) | 21 (12.6) | 11 (14.9) | 10 (10.8) | < 0.01 | 19 (25) | 2 (2.1) | < 0.01 |
| Obese n (%) | 24 (14.4) | 20 (27) | 4 (4.3) | < 0.01 | 21 (27.6) | 3 (3.2) | < 0.01 |
| Mean total body water % | 55.7 (6.1) | 57.8 (6.3) | 54.1 (5.4) | < 0.01 | 52.3 (4.9) | 58.6 (5.5) | 0.255 |
| Ideal body water n (%) | 142 (85) | 61 (82.4) | 81 (87.1) | 0.235 | 68 (89.4%) | 74 (81.3%) | < 0.01 |
| Mean muscle mass (SD) in kg | 45.7 (7.9) | 50.2 (8.4) | 42 (5.1) | < 0.01 | 46.3 (8.7) | 45.1 (7.2) | 0.357 |
| Median BMR (IQR) in kcal | 1501 (1750-1336) | 1732 (1875-1551) | 1377 (1525-1300) | < 0.01 | 1690 (1892.5-1421.5) | 1417 (1612-1308) | < 0.01 |
| Median bone mass (IQR) in kg | 2.5 (3-2.1) | 2.9 (3.2-2.6) | 2.2 (2.4-2) | < 0.01 | 2.9 (3.2-2.3) | 2.2 (2.8-2.0) | < 0.01 |
| Healthy bone mass n (%) | 71 (42.5) | 31 (41.9) | 40 (43) | 0.884 | 36 (47.3%) | 35 (38.4%) | 0.273 |
| Biochemical parameters | |||||||
| Median leptin (ng/mL) | 2.2 (4.5-1.0) | 1.3 (3.60-0.54) | 2.71 (4.76-1.66) | < 0.01 | 3.0 (5.8-1.5) | 1.7 (3.4- -0.7) | < 0.01 |
| Elevated serum leptin n (%) | 17 (10.2) | 7 (9.5) | 10 (10.8) | 0.784 | 9 (11.8%) | 8 (8.8%) | 0.61 |
| Median 25OHD (IQR) in ng/mL | 12.1 (16.1-7.7) | 12.5 (16-8.5) | 11.5 (16.6-7.5) | 0.877 | 12.1 (16.8-8.5) | 12 (15.9-7.1) | 0.479 |
| 25OHD status: Deficiency n (%) | 149 (89.2) | 69 (93.2) | 80 (86) | 67 (88.1%) | 82 (90.1%) | ||
| 25OHD status: Insufficiency n (%) | 10 (6) | 5 (6.8) | 5 (5.4) | 0.03 | 4 (5.2%) | 6 (6.5%) | 0.585 |
| Sufficiency n (%) | 8 (4.8) | - | 8 (8.6) | 5 (6.5%) | 3 (3.2%) | ||
| Mean total cholesterol (SD) in mg/dL | 175.8 (46.3) | 172 (49.4) | 178.8 (43.7) | 0.345 | 180.8 (48.6) | 171 ± 44 | 0.199 |
| Mean HDL (SD) in mg/dL | 41.1 (9.6) | 40.4 (10) | 41.6 (9.2) | 0.44 | 40.5 (9.4) | 41.540.5 ± 9.49.7 | 0.498 |
| Mean non-HDL (SD) in mg/dL | 134.7 (47.2) | 131.5 (52.4) | 137.2 (42.8) | 0.446 | 14040.5 (9.450.1) | 13040.5 ± 9.444.4 | 0.163 |
Parametric variables are reported as mean ± SD and non-parametric as median (interquartile ranges 75th-25th). Coefficients (r) and P values are calculated using Pearson's correlation analysis. P-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant and < 0.001 as highly significant. BMI: Body mass index; BMR: Basal metabolic rate; 25OHD: 25-hydroxy vitamin D; HDL: High density lipoprotein.