(b) Characteristics of between-group studies: intervention
| 1st author (date) | Intervention | Intervention length | Therapist | Informants |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bachmann (2018) [13] | MAP or PE | 2.5 h/week, 8 weeks = 20 h+daily home practice | n.r. | Self, objective |
| Bueno (2015) [44] | MAP or no intervention | 2.5 h/week, 8 weeks = 20 h+daily home practice | Highly experienced practitioners | Self, objective |
| Cole (2016) [40] | DBT (+elements of mindfulness) or CBT modules (impulsivity/hyperactivity, attention) | 2 h individual psychotherapy+group/week, 12-month period = 96 h+homework assignments | Nurses, psychologists, and psychiatrists, trained in DBT+CBT | Self |
| Edel (2017) [32] | MBT (+mindfulness component of DBT) or ST (DBT-oriented skills training) | 2 h/week, 13 weeks = 26 h | Experienced psychologist working with ADHD+5 y experience in DBT/MBT | Self, expert-rated scale |
| Fleming (2015) [35] | DBT (+elements of mindfulness) or skills handouts | 1.5 h group/week, 8 weeks = 12 h+7 10 min individual coaching/week+90 min group (1st week follow-up) | Group leader (A.P.F.), coleader (L.R.M.), graduate students in clinical psychology with DBT training & intervention, psychologist with experience in ADHD students | Self, objective |
| Gu (2018) [48] | MBCT | 1 h individual/week, 6 weeks = 6 h+30 min self-practice/day workbook psychoeducation | Group leader, psychiatrist specializing in ADHD+8 y experience, MBCT trainers, psychologist with experience in ADHD students | Self, objective |
| Hepark (2019) [45] | MBDT (+PE) | 12-week meditation exercises built up gradually+home practice 30 min/day | Psychiatrist specializing in ADHD (10 y), mindfulness teacher (S.H.) & nurse specialist, Association of Mindfulness-Based Teachers, 150 h education (MBSR)/MBCT | Self, investigator |
| Janssen (2019) [50] | MBDT (+PE) | 2.5 h group/week, 8 weeks = 20 h+6 h silent day+home practice 30 min/day | Mindfulness teachers at different levels of competence | Self, objective |
| Mitchell (2017) [25] | MAP | 2.5 h/week, 8 weeks = 20 h+home practice | Ph.D. clinical psychology | Self, objective |
| Schoenberg (2014) [12] | MBCT | 3 h/week, 12 weeks = 36 h+30-45 min self-practice/day | Psychiatrist specializing in ADHD with 9 y training in MBCT | Self, objective |
Intervention: CBT = cognitive behavioral therapy; DBT = dialectical behavior therapy; MAP = mindful awareness program; MBT/MBCT = mindfulness-based training; PE = psychoeducation; ST = skills training.