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. 2019 Apr 22;5(1):vez008. doi: 10.1093/ve/vez008

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© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 3. — Inferred distributions of fitness effects for (A) non-synonymous and (B) synonymous variants. The non-lethal component of the non-synonymous distribution is Weibull-distributed with shape parameter 5.088 and scale parameter 0.8705. The synonymous distribution is Weibull-distributed with shape parameter 6.723 and scale parameter 0.9932. (C) Demographic model used in simulations, with an initial transmission bottleneck of 5 being simulated. The peak population size is close to 2.5 × 10⁷. Where the transmission of viruses was considered, it was modelled as occurring at a uniform time within the window of peak viral load, shaded in red. Alternative demographic models were defined as linear scalings of this model, defined by the population bottleneck incurred at transmission.