Table 5.

Cochrane Risk of bias assessment for experimental studies of the effects of experimenters/clinicians characteristics and non-verbal behaviors on pain and placebo effects.

				1	2	3	4	5	6	7
Egbert et al. (46) Levine and De Simone (19) Carter et al. (51) Brown et al. (64) Kallai et al. (22) Gijsbers and Nicholson (54) Kaptchuk et al. (57) Verheul et al. (65) Stanke and Ivanec (66) Weimer et al. (58) Bohns and Wiltermuth (67) Vigil et al. (59) Sorge et al (61) Stanke and Ivanec (27) Ruben and Hall (69) Czerniak et al. (71) Ruben et al. (70) Van Osch et al. (72) Howe et al. (44) He et al. (73)
	Key
			Low risk of bias Unclear risk of bias High risk of bias

Numbers’ definition:

1. Random sequence generation (selection bias)

2. Allocation concealment (selection bias)

3. Blinding of participants and personnel (performace bias)

4. Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias)

5. Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias)

6. Selective reporting (reporting bias)

7. Other bias