Table 6.

Risk of Bias Assessment for quasi-experimental and correlational studies (RoBANS) of the effects of experimenters/clinicians characteristics and non-verbal behaviors on pain and placebo effects.

				1	2	3	4	5	6
Gryll and Katahn (63) Otto et al. (47) Feine et al. (48) Bush et al. (49) Fillingim et al. (50) Thorn et al. (52) Essick et al. (53) Campbell et al. (26) Aslaksen et al. (25) Williams et al. (55) Aslaksen and Flaten (56) Vigil and Alcock (60) Valentini et al. (68) Vigil et al. (62)
	Key
			Low risk of bias Unclear risk of bias High risk of bias
Numbers’ definition:

1. Selection of participants

2. Confounding variables

3. Measurement of exposure

4. Blinding of outcome assessments

5. Incomplete outcome data

6. Selective outcome reporting