Table 2.
Demographics and ERP results of three groups (SD in parentheses).a
| Control | UHR | FEP | Statistics | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Post hoc Scheffe p values |
Effect size (Cohen’s d) | ||||
| A (n = 120) | B (n = 23) | C (n = 19) | |||
| Age | 26.63 (5.09) | 23.64 (5.08) | 28.45 (8.33) | A vs. B: 0.064 A vs. C: 0.417 B vs. C: 0.022* |
|
| Male gender (%)b | 63 (52.5%) | 14 (60.9%) | 7 (36.8%) | χ2 = 2.48, p = 0.29 | |
| Education (years) | 15.62 (1.88) | 13.74 (2.83) | 14.32 (2.08) | A vs. B: 0.000** A vs. C: 0.040* B vs. C: 0.6655 |
|
| Smoking PPD | 0.03 (0.1) | 0.15 (0.4) | 0.16 (0.4) | A vs. B: 0.044* A vs. C: 0.057 B vs. C: 0.997 |
|
| PANSS | |||||
| Positive symptoms (P1 to P7) | 15.0 (2.9) | 19.4 (4.6) | B vs. C: 0.001** | 1.14 | |
| Negative symptoms (N1 to N7) | 14.2 (5.5) | 14.0 (6.5) | B vs. C: 0.923 | 0.03 | |
| General symptoms (G1 to G16) | 35.4 (8.4) | 35.6 (9.1) | B vs. C: 0.923 | 0.02 | |
| MMN Fz | −1.36 (0.81) | −0.99 (0.88) | −1.11 (0.68) | A vs. B: 0.195 A vs. C: 0.517 B vs. C: 0.905 |
0.44 0.33 0.15 |
| P50 | |||||
| S1 amplitude | 2.44 (1.06) | 2.83 (1.59) | 2.07 (0.89) | A vs. B: 0.366 A vs. C: 0.550 B vs. C: 0.180 |
0.07 0.38 0.59 |
| S2 amplitude | 1.09 (0.64) | 1.48 (0.8) | 1.41 (0.93) | A vs. B: 0.071 A vs. C: 0.280 B vs. C: 0.967 |
0.54 0.4 0.08 |
| P50 ratio | 0.51 (0.34) | 0.58 (0.34) | 0.71 (0.42) | A vs. B: 0.706 A vs. C: 0.139 B vs. C: 0.563 |
0.21 0.52 0.34 |
| P50 difference | 1.35 (1.07) | 1.35 (1.53) | .66 (1.05) |
A vs. B: 1 A vs. C: 0.125 B vs. C: 0.242 |
0 0.65 0.52 |
| N100 | |||||
| S1 amplitude | 6.73 (3.27) | 6.84 (2.92) | 4.25 (2.3) | A vs. B: 0.991 A vs. C: 0.030* B vs. C: 0.076 |
0.04 0.88 0.99 |
| S2 amplitude | 2 (1.31) | 2.81 (1.1) | 1.93 (1.43) | A vs. B: 0.037* A vs. C: 0.982 B vs. C: 0.164 |
0.67 0.05 0.69 |
| N100 ratio | 0.36 (0.31) | 0.48 (0.29) | 0.55 (0.41) | A vs. B: 0.282 A vs. C: 0.118 B vs. C: 0.824 |
0.40 0.52 0.20 |
| N100 difference | 4.73 (3.35) | 4.02 (2.48) | 2.33 (2.58) | A vs. B: 0.657 A vs. C: 0.038* B vs. C: 0.331 |
0.24 0.80 0.67 |
UHR, ultra-high-risk group; FEP, first-episode psychosis group.
a
Some subjects failed to stay before the ERP session was terminated. The number of analyzable P50/N100 subjects was 20 UHR and 13 FEP. The number of analyzable MMN subjects was 18 UHR and 16 FEP.
b
Chi-square tests.
*
p < 0.05.
**
p < 0.01.