Table 1. Environmental variables selected in habitat suitability models for Asian elephants.

Category	Variable	Data and calculation
Geographic and topographic	Altitude	ASTER GDEM
	Terrain roughness index	Calculated from ASTER GDEM in R
Land-cover	Distance to natural forest Distance to pine plantation Distance to traditional farmland	Calculated by “distance” function in R
	Percentage of natural forest Percentage of pine plantation Percentage of traditional framland	Calculated in Fragstats by 1.5 km radius from land-cover map
	Edge density of natural forest Edge density of pine plantation Edge density of traditional framland	Calculated in Fragstats by 1.5 km radius from land-cover map
Human disturbance	Distance to town Distance to community	Calculated by “distance” function in R