. 2018 Sep 18;48(2):20180084. doi: 10.1259/dmfr.20180084

Table 3.

Characteristics of included studies according to identified 3D imaging methods (n = 12)

3D imaging method	First author, year	Sample characteristics			Intervention characteristics				Outcome Characteristics
		Sample size	Age	Type of cleft	Assessment		Time of imaging
		Sample size	Age	Type of cleft	Tissue type	Treatment	Pre-operative	Post-operative
CT	Van der Meij, 1993¹²	8	9 y 5 m	UCLP	H	2° bone graft	X	3 d, 1 y	remaining bone at graft site
	Van der Meij, 2001¹³	50	9–12 y	UCLP, BCLP	H	2° bone graft	X	3 d, 1 y	remaining bone at graft site
	Ozawa, 2007¹⁴	35	6.8 y	UCL, BCL	H	2° bone graft	X	im, 6 m	bone graft resorption and influence of germ of lateral incisor on bone graft resorption
	Nagashima, 2014¹⁵	20	10 y	UCL, UCLP	H	2° bone graft	√	1m, 6m	remaining bone at graft site
	Tong, 2015¹⁶	70	11.3 y	UCLP, BCLP	H	midfacial osteogenesis	√	im	direction and magnitude of midfacial distraction osteogenesis
	Takemaru, 2016¹⁷	15	8.3 y	UCL	H	2° bone graft	√	1m, 6m, 12m	blood loss, number of intravenous analgesic drug pushing and remaining bone at graft site
SP	Sander, 2011¹⁸	39	10.5 y	UCLP	S	2° bone graft	√	6m	asymmetry score and morphology of nose
3D digitizer	Mishima, 1997¹⁹	10	4 m	BCLP	H	maxillary arch expansion	X	every 2m	direction and magnitude changes of palatal configuration
3D digitizer	Braumann, 2003²⁰	21	1–2 d	UCLP	H	maxillary arch expansion and 1° lip repair	√	1w, 3m, 6m, 12m	morphologic and volumetric changes of maxillary arch and visual analysis compare incomplete and complete unilateral cleft lip and palate
Laser scanner	Baek, 2006²¹	16	1 m	UCLP	H	maxillary arch expansion	√	3m, 5m	morphological changes of maxillary arch in linear and area measurement
	Schwenzer-Zimmerer, 2009²²	5	3 m	UCL, UCLP, BCLP	S	1° lip repair	√	im, 7d	accuracy of T-scan to observe cleft lip morphology
	Fuchigami, 2014²³	60	4.8 m	UCLP	H	1° lip repair	√	1y	maxillary arch form changes in curvature radius, collapse rate, direction and magnitude

3D, three dimensional; d, day; w, week; m, month; y, year; im, immediately after operation; UCL(P), unilateral cleft lip(palate); BCL(P), bilateral cleft lip (palate); S, soft-tissue; H, hard-tissue; X, not mentioned; CT, computed tomography; SP, stereophotogrammetry.