Table 1.
Summary of descriptive characteristics of included studies
| Study characteristics | Sample characteristics | Intervention characteristics | Outcomes | ||||||
| Study/Year | Country | Population studied (N = patients) |
Age range (y) |
Reference standard | Index test (US) |
Transducer frequency (MHz) | Target | Sensitivity (%) |
Specificity (%) |
| Emshoff et al., 1997 | Austria | TMD (17) | 16–60 | MRI | 2D static/dynamic | 7.5 | DD | Static CM/OM: 50/13 Dynamic CM/OM: 39/13 |
71/70 100/95 |
| Hayashi et al., 2001 |
Japan | TMD (18) | 8–12 | MRI and/or CT | 2D dynamic | 8 or 10 | DD | 83 | 96 |
| Jank et al., 2001 |
Austria | TMD (66) | 13–78 | MRI | 2D static | 12 | DD | CM: 78 OM: 61 |
CM: 78 OM: 95 |
| Emshoff et al., 2002 a | Austria | TMD (64) | 17–65 | MRI | 2D dynamic | 12 | DD | 82 | 95 |
| Emshoff et al., 2002 b | Austria | TMD (29) | 19–62 | MRI | 2D static | 12 | DD | CM: 90 OM: 95 |
CM: 94 OM: 91 |
| Brandlmaier et al., 2003 a | Austria | TMD (48) | 17–67 | MRI | 2D static | 12.5 | DD | 82 | 85 |
| Tognini et al., 2005 |
Italy | TMD (41) | ND | MRI | 2D static/dynamic | 8–20 | DD | 65 | 80 |
| Landes et al., 2006 a |
Germany | TMD (53) | 14–77 | MRI | 3D static | 8–12.5 | DD | 53 | 74 |
| Cakir-Ozkan et al., 2010 | Turkey | TMD (28) | 16–51 | MRI | 2D static/dynamic | 12 | DD | CM: 57 OM: 64 |
CM: 78 OM: 71 |
| Dupuy-Bonafe et al.,2012 | France | TMD (40) controls (20) | 21–59 21–29 |
MRI | 2D static/dynamic | 5–12 | DD | CM: 22 OM: 0 |
CM; 96 OM: 98 |
| Yang et al., 2012 |
China | TMD (35) | 37.3 mean |
MRI | 2D static | 12 | DD | 82 | 94 |
| Razek et al., 2015 |
Egypt | TMD (20) | 15–57 | MRI | 2D static/dynamic | 12 | DD | 79 | 72 |
| Manfredini et al., 2003 |
Italy | TMD (69) | ND | MRI | 2D static/dynamic | 8–20 | JE | 83 | 73 |
| Tognini et al., 2003 |
Italy | TMD (44) | ND | MRI | 2D static/dynamic | 8–15 | JE | 75 | 76 |
| Kirkhus et al., 2016 |
Norway | JIA (55) | <18 | MRI | 2D static | 12–18 | JE | 72 | 70 |
| Brandlamaier et al., 2003 b |
Austria | TMD (40) | 16–78 | MRI | 2D static | 12.5 | CC | 87 | 20 |
| Landes et al., 2006 b |
Germany | TMD (53) | 14–77 | MRI | 3D static | 8–12.5 | CC | 70 | 76 |
| Melchiorre et al., 2003 |
Italy | RA (22), PsA (11) | 30–81 | MRI | 2D static/dynamic | 7.5 | DD JE |
69 70 |
30 75 |
| Kaya et al., 2010 |
Turkey | TMD (52) | 28.3 mean |
MRI | 2D static/dynamic | 7.5 | DD JE |
91 53 |
16 63 |
| Gook et al., 2008 |
Korean | TMD (20) | ND | CT | 2D static | 12 | DD CC |
95 87 |
90 62 |
| Sinha et al., 2012 |
India | TMD (3) | ND | MRI | 2D dynamic | 10 | DD CC |
33 0 |
100 100 |
| Emshoff et al., 2003 |
Austria | TMD (48) | 15–72 | MRI | 2D dynamic | 12 | DD CC |
95 83 |
91 63 |
| Habashi et al., 2015 |
Israel | TMD (39) | 18–77 | MRI | 2D static/dynamic | 5–17 | DD CC |
74 36 |
84 83 |
| Landes et al., 2007 |
Germany | TMD (33) | 14–77 | MRI | 2D/3D static | 8–12 | DD CC |
2D: 58 3D: 60 2D: 69 3D: 69 |
63 68 74 78 |
| Muller et al., 2009 |
Switzerland | JIA (30) | 2–16 | MRI | 2D static/dynamic | 12 | JE CC |
33* | 82* |
| Jank et al., 2005 |
Austria | TMD (100) | ≥16 | MRI | 2D dynamic | 12 | DD JE CC |
CM/OM: 92/86 81 94 |
92/91 100 100 |
| Manfredini et al.,2005 | Italy | TMD/RA/PsA (68) | 43.4 mean age |
MRI | 2D static/dynamic | 8–20 | DD JE CC |
56 85 67 |
73 66 26 |
| Mello et al., 2011 |
Brazil | TMD (38) | 16–65 | MRI | 2D static | 12.5 | DD JE CC |
CM/OM: 83/0 20 15 |
100/100 100 87 |
AC, accuracy; CC, condylar change; CM, closed mouth; CT, computed tomography; DD, disk displacement; JE, joint effusion; JIA, juvenile idiopathic arthritis; MHz, megahertz; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; ND, not described; OM, open mouth; PsA, psoriatic arthritis; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; TMD, temporomandibular joint disorder; US, ultrasound; y, year; 2D, two dimensional; 3D, three dimensional; CM, closed mouth;
*separate data not available.